0001219601-23-000008 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer


Document						Parts Into Which Incorporated
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 27, 2023						Part III to the extent described therein

Common Stock

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

Common Stock $5.00 Par Value

Trading Symbol

CCK

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

7 3/8% Debentures Due 2026

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

7 3/8% Debentures Due 2026

Trading Symbol

CCK26

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

7 1/2% Debentures Due 2096

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

7 1/2% Debentures Due 2096

Trading Symbol

CCK96

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Firm ID	238
Auditor Location	Philadelphia, Pa

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 12,943	$ 11,394	$ 9,392
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	10,643	9,029	7,359
Depreciation and amortization	460	447	422
Selling and administrative expense	556	583	533
Restructuring and other, net	(52)	(28)	30
Income from operations	1,336	1,363	1,048
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	11	68	0
Other pension and postretirement	(16)	1,515	43
Interest expense	284	253	290
Interest income	(15)	(9)	(8)
Foreign exchange	16	(45)	(2)
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	1,056	(419)	725
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	243	(57)	199
Equity in net earnings of affiliates	42	3	6
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations	855	(359)	532
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	0	(52)	156
Net income / (loss)	855	(411)	688
Net income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	128	148	108
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	0	1	1
Net income / (loss) attributable to Crown Holdings	727	(560)	579
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Crown Holdings	727	(507)	424
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	$ 0	$ (53)	$ 155
Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 6.01	$ (3.89)	$ 3.18
Basic (loss) / earnings per common share from discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0	(0.41)	1.16
Basic (in dollars per share)	6.01	(4.30)	4.34
Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	5.99	(3.89)	3.15
Diluted (loss) / earnings per common share from discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0	(0.41)	1.15
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 5.99	$ (4.30)	$ 4.30

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income / (loss)	$ 855	$ (411)	$ 688
Other comprehensive income / (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(41)	601	(88)
Pension and other postretirement benefits	83	696	(15)
Derivatives qualifying as hedges	(40)	(2)	46
Total other comprehensive income / (loss)	2	1,295	(57)
Total comprehensive income	857	884	631
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	128	149	109
Translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2)	(1)	3
Pension and other postretirement benefits attributable to noncontrolling interests	1	0	0
Derivatives qualifying as hedges attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3)	1	2
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$ 733	$ 735	$ 517

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 550	$ 531
Receivables, net	1,843	1,889
Inventories	2,014	1,735
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	252	243
Current assets held for sale	0	97
Total current assets	4,659	4,495
Goodwill	2,951	3,007
Intangible assets, net	1,358	1,525
Property, plant and equipment, net	4,540	4,036
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	221	191
Other non-current assets	572	604
Total assets	14,301	13,858
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	76	75
Current maturities of long-term debt	109	135
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	44	42
Accounts payable	2,773	2,901
Accrued liabilities	930	966
Current liabilities held for sale	0	14
Total current liabilities	3,932	4,133
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	6,792	6,052
Postretirement and pension liabilities	394	497
Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities	184	150
Other non-current liabilities	712	696
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note P)
Equity
Noncontrolling interests	438	418
Preferred stock, authorized: 30,000,000; none issued (Note T)	0	0
Common stock, par value: $5.00; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 185,744,072 shares issued; 119,945,302 and 126,131,799 shares outstanding in 2022 and 2021 (Note T)	600	630
Additional paid-in capital	0	0
Retained earnings	3,141	3,180
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,892)	(1,898)
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity	1,849	1,912
Total equity	2,287	2,330
Total liabilities and equity	$ 14,301	$ 13,858

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	30,000,000	30,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.00	$ 5.00
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	185,744,072	185,744,072
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	119,945,302	126,131,799

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income / (loss)	$ 855	$ (411)	$ 688
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	460	463	481
Restructuring and other	(52)	(26)	34
Loss from disposal of discontinued operations	0	101	0
Pension and postretirement expense	12	1,548	76
Pension contributions	53	(236)	(27)
Asbestos payments	(21)	(19)	(21)
Stock-based compensation	29	33	32
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	11	68	0
Deferred income taxes	28	(248)	33
Equity earnings, net of distributions	(10)	2	(3)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	29	(590)	(186)
Inventories	(299)	(609)	(2)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(149)	873	121
Prepaids and other assets	(44)	(40)	54
Other, net	(99)	(4)	35
Net cash provided by operating activities	803	905	1,315
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	(839)	(816)	(587)
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash	182	2,255	0
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	15	44	16
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash	(31)	0	0
Net investment hedges	26	25	28
Other	5	(1)	8
Net cash (used for) / provided by investing activities	(642)	1,507	(535)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt	268	12	29
Proceeds from long-term debt	2,953	144	110
Payments of long-term debt	(2,278)	(1,834)	(269)
Premiums paid to retire debt	(4)	(64)	0
Debt issuance costs	(25)	0	0
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt	(11)	(25)	43
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(100)	(122)	(87)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(106)	(105)	0
Common stock repurchased	(722)	(950)	(66)
Other	0	0	1
Net cash used for financing activities	(25)	(2,944)	(239)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(90)	(113)	34
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	46	(645)	575
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1	593	1,238	663
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at December 31	$ 639	$ 593	$ 1,238

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Total

Total Crown Equity

Common Stock

Paid-in Capital

Retained Earnings

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Noncontrolling Interests

Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019

$ 2,092

$ 1,713

$ 678

$ 207

$ 3,959

$ (3,131)

$ 379

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Net income / (loss)

688

579

109

Other comprehensive (loss) / income

(57)

(62)

Dividends declared

(87)

Restricted stock awarded

(2)

Stock-based compensation

Common stock issued

Common stock repurchased

(66)

(6)

(60)

Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2020

2,604

2,198

674

179

4,538

(3,193)

406

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Net income / (loss)

(411)

(560)

149

Other comprehensive (loss) / income

1,295

Dividends declared

(227)

(105)

(122)

Restricted stock awarded

(3)

Stock-based compensation

Common stock issued

Common stock repurchased

(950)

(46)

(195)

(709)

Disposition of subsidiary with noncontrolling interests

^[1]

(15)

Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021

2,330

1,912

630

3,180

(1,898)

418

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Net income / (loss)

855

727

128

Other comprehensive (loss) / income

(4)

Dividends declared

(210)

(106)

(104)

Restricted stock awarded

(1)

Stock-based compensation

Common stock issued

Common stock repurchased

(722)

(32)

(30)

(660)

Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022

$ 2,287

$ 1,849

$ 600

$ 0

$ 3,141

$ (1,892)

$ 438

[1]	Relates to the sale of the European Tinplate business. See Note B for further details.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business and Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Crown Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and its consolidated subsidiary companies (where the context requires, the “Company” shall include reference to the Company and its consolidated subsidiary companies).

The Company, through its subsidiaries, is a leading global supplier of rigid packaging products to consumer marketing companies, as well as transit and protective packaging products, equipment and services to a broad range of end markets. The Company's consumer packaging solutions primarily support the beverage and food industries, along with the personal care and household industries, through the development and sale of aluminum and steel cans. The Company's transit and protective packaging products include steel and plastic consumables and equipment, paper-based protective packaging, and plastic film consumables and equipment, which are sold into the metals, food and beverage, construction, agricultural, corrugated and general industries.

The financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates, impacting reported results of operations and financial position. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In deciding which entities should be reported on a consolidated basis, the Company first determines whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If an entity is a VIE, the Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary and therefore, should consolidate the VIE. If an entity is not a VIE, the Company consolidates those entities in which it has control, including certain subsidiaries that are not majority-owned. Certain of the Company’s agreements with noncontrolling interests contain provisions in which the Company would surrender certain decision-making rights upon a change in control of the Company. Accordingly, consolidation of these operations may no longer be appropriate subsequent to a change in control of the Company, as defined in the agreements.

Investments in companies in which the Company does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for by the equity method. The proportionate share of the net income resulting from these investments is reported in Equity in net earnings of affiliates in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying values of the Company's equity method investments are reported in Other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Equity method investments are reported at cost and adjusted each period for the Company's share of the investee's income or loss and dividends paid, if any. The Company classifies distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach. The Company assesses investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable.

Foreign Currency Translation. For non-U.S. subsidiaries which operate in a local currency environment, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Translation adjustments for these subsidiaries are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in equity. For non-U.S. subsidiaries that use a U.S. dollar functional currency, local currency inventories and property, plant and equipment are translated into U.S. dollars at rates prevailing when acquired; all other assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates. Inventories charged to cost of sales and depreciation are remeasured at historical rates; all other income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains and losses which result from remeasurement are included in earnings.

Revenue Recognition. The majority of the Company’s revenues from metal packaging products are derived from multi-year requirement contracts with leading manufacturers and marketers of packaged consumer products for can sets, comprising a can and an end. As requirement contracts do not typically include fixed volumes, customers often purchase products pursuant to purchase orders or other communications which are short-term in nature. The can and the end are considered separate performance obligations because they are distinct and separately identifiable. Revenues from Transit Packaging are generally derived from individual purchase orders which may include multiple goods and services which are separate performance obligations because they are distinct and separately identifiable.

The Company manufactures certain products that have no alternative use to the Company once they are printed or manufactured to customer specifications. If the Company has an enforceable right to payment for custom products at all times in the manufacturing process, revenue is recognized over time. In each of the Company’s geographic markets, revenue from beverage cans is primarily recognized over time using the units produced output method as beverage cans are generally printed for a specific customer in a continuous production process. The timing of revenue recognition for the Company’s other products,

including beverage ends and three-piece products, which includes food cans and ends and aerosol cans and ends, may vary as these products may be printed or customized depending upon customer preferences which can vary by geographic market. Revenue that is recognized over time for the Company’s three-piece products and equipment business is generally recognized using the cost-to-cost input method as these products involve an intermediary step that results in customized work-in-process inventory. For products that follow a point in time model, revenue is generally recognized when title and risk of loss transfer.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Standalone selling prices for each performance obligation are generally stated in the contract. When the Company offers variable consideration in the form of volume rebates to customers, it estimates the most likely amount of revenue to which it is expected to be entitled and includes the estimate in the transaction price, limited to the amount which is probable will not result in reversal of cumulative revenue recognized when the variable consideration is resolved. When the Company offers customers options to purchase additional product at discounted prices, judgment is required to determine if the discounted prices represent material rights. If so, the transaction price allocated to the discount is based on its relative standalone price and is recognized upon purchase of the additional product. Customer payment terms are typically less than one year and as such, the Company has applied the practical expedient to exclude consideration of significant financing components from the determination of transaction price.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from net sales. Shipping and handling fees and costs from product sales are reported as cost of products sold and are accrued when the Company recognizes revenue over time before the shipping and handling activities occur. Costs to obtain a contract are generally immaterial but the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense these costs as incurred if the duration of the contract is one year or less.

Unbilled receivables are recorded for revenue recognized over time when the Company has determined that control has passed to the customer but the customer has not yet been invoiced because the Company does not have present right to payment. The Company generally has a present right to payment when title of product transfers. Unbilled receivables are included in receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet with a corresponding decrease to inventory.

Contract assets are recorded for revenue recognized over time when the Company has determined that control for a performance obligation has passed to the customer, but the right to invoice the customer is contingent upon the completion of the performance obligations included in the contract. Contract assets are classified as current as they are expected to be invoiced within one year and may not exceed their net realizable value.

Contract liabilities are established if the Company must defer the recognition of a portion of consideration received because it has to satisfy a future obligation. Contract liabilities are classified as current or noncurrent based on when the Company expects to recognize revenue.

Stock-Based Compensation. For awards with a service or market condition, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis using the grant date fair value of the award and the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. For awards with a performance condition, the Company assesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment. The Company’s plans provide for stock awards which may include accelerated vesting upon retirement, disability, or death of eligible employees. The Company considers a stock-based award to be vested when the service period is no longer contingent on the employee providing future service. Accordingly, the related compensation cost is recognized immediately for awards granted to retirement-eligible individuals, or over the period from the grant date to the date that retirement eligibility is achieved if less than the stated vesting period.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the time of purchase and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. Outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit are included in accounts payable. The Company generally classifies any cash that is legally restricted as to withdrawal or usage as restricted cash.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on past events, including historical experience, current conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of accounts receivable.

Inventory Valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost principally determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost method.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures for new facilities and equipment and those costs which substantially increase the useful lives or capacity of existing PP&E. Cost of constructed assets includes capitalized interest incurred during the construction and development

period. Maintenance and repairs, including labor and material costs for planned major maintenance such as annual production line overhauls, are expensed as incurred. When PP&E is retired or otherwise disposed, the net carrying amount is eliminated with any gain or loss on disposition recognized in earnings at that time.

Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets described below (in years). The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its PP&E and, where appropriate, changes are made prospectively.


Land improvements			25
Buildings and building improvements			25 – 40
Machinery and equipment			3– 18

Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying identifiable net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is carried at cost and reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year or when facts and circumstances indicate goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is allocated to the reporting units at the time of each acquisition based on the relative fair values of the reporting units. In assessing goodwill for impairment, the Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Further quantitative assessment may then be required. The quantitative assessment involves a number of assumptions and judgments, including the calculation of fair value for the Company’s identified reporting units. The Company determines the estimated fair value of each reporting unit based on an average of the estimated fair values using an income and a market approach. The income approach utilizes significant assumptions, including revenue and Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP item defined by the Company as net customer sales, less cost of products sold excluding depreciation and amortization, less selling and administrative expenses) margin growth rates, discount rates and terminal year exit multiples. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, any impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit to its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

Finite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives described below (in years).


Customer relationships			11 - 18
Trade names			8 - 27
Technology			6 - 8
Long-term supply contracts			15
Patents			8

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets, primarily PP&E and finite-lived intangible assets, may be impaired, the Company performs a recoverability evaluation. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying value of an asset group is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its fair value, based on discounted cash flows. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are presented in the balance sheet at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.

Leases. The Company has operating and finance leases for land and buildings related to certain manufacturing facilities, warehouses and corporate offices, vehicle fleets and certain office and manufacturing equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company's lease terms include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at commencement of the lease, such as increases in index rates, are not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets and are recognized in the period those payments are incurred. The Company separates lease and non-lease components of lease arrangements and allocates contract consideration based on standalone selling prices. Variable consideration is allocated to the lease and non-lease components to which the variable payments specifically relate. The discount rate implicit within the Company's leases is often not determinable and therefore the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of the lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined based on lease term and the currency in which lease payments are made. The Company's leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Taxes on Income. The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Deferred taxes represent the future expected tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities based upon enacted tax rates and laws. The Company has made an accounting policy election to treat taxes due on future U.S. inclusions of certain intangible income of foreign subsidiaries as a current period expense when incurred.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Investment tax credits are accounted for using the deferral method. Income tax-related interest and penalties are reported as income tax expense.

Derivatives and Hedging. All outstanding derivative financial instruments are recognized in the balance sheet at their fair values. The impact on earnings from recognizing the fair values of these instruments depends on their intended use, their hedge designation and their effectiveness in offsetting changes in the fair values of the exposures they are hedging. Changes in the fair values of instruments designated to reduce or eliminate adverse fluctuations in the fair values of recognized assets and liabilities are reported currently in earnings along with changes in the fair values of the hedged items. Changes in the effective portions of the fair values of instruments used to reduce or eliminate adverse fluctuations in cash flows of anticipated or forecasted transactions are reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings when the related hedged items impact earnings or the forecasted transactions become probable of not occurring. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are reported currently in earnings. Amounts reported in earnings are classified consistent with the item being hedged.

The effectiveness of derivative instruments in reducing risks associated with the hedged exposures is assessed at inception and on an ongoing basis. Time value, a component of an instrument’s fair value, is excluded in assessing effectiveness for fair value hedges, except hedges of firm commitments, and included for cash flow hedges.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when (i) the instrument is no longer effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the underlying hedged item, (ii) the instrument expires, is sold, terminated or exercised, or (iii) designating the instrument as a hedge is no longer appropriate.

The Company formally documents all relationships between its hedging instruments and hedged items at inception, including its risk management objective and strategy for establishing various hedge relationships. Cash flows from hedging instruments are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consistent with the items being hedged.

Research and Development. Research, development and engineering costs of $34 in 2022, $47 in 2021, and $48 in 2020 were expensed as incurred and reported in selling and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Substantially all engineering and development costs are related to developing new products or designing significant improvements to existing products or processes. Costs primarily include employee salaries and benefits and facility costs.

Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications of prior years’ data have been made to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting and Reporting Pronouncements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes by, among other things, reducing complexity in the interim-period accounting for year-to-date loss limitations and changes in tax laws. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new guidance which requires enhanced disclosures of supplier finance programs. The guidance requires buyers in a supplier finance program to disclose sufficient information about the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to each period in which a balance sheet is presented, except for disclosure of rollforward information, which should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its disclosures.

Divestitures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestitures

On August 31, 2021, the Company completed the sale (the “Transaction”) of its European Tinplate business (the “Business”) to Kouti B.V., an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners LP. The Business comprised the Company’s European Food segment and its European Aerosol and Promotional Packaging reporting unit which was previously reported in Other. The Company received pre-tax proceeds of approximately €1.9 billion ($2.3 billion) from the Transaction and received a 20% minority interest in the Business. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss of $101 and tax charges of $81 related to taxable gains on the sale of the Business.

Major components of net (loss) / income from discontinued operations were as follows:


For the Years Ended December 31	2021		2020
Net sales	$	1,585	$	2,183
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	1,301		1,823
Depreciation and amortization	16		59
Selling and administrative expense	60		81
Restructuring and other	2		4
Other pension and postretirement	1		2
Interest expense	6		10
Foreign exchange	—		3
Loss on sale of discontinued businesses	101		—
Transaction costs	34		—
Income from discontinued operations before tax	64		201
Provision for income taxes	116		45
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	(52)		156
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		1
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	$	(53)	$	155

The Business had capital expenditures of $29 and $33 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Company accounts for the minority interest received in the Business under the equity method. The Company's share of income of the Business was $34 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and a loss of $8 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and is reported in Equity in net earnings of affiliates in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, the Company received a dividend payment from the Business of $26 in the year ended December 31, 2022.

In April 2022, the Company completed the sale of the Transit Packaging segment's Kiwiplan business and received pre-tax proceeds of $180. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $113 ($102, net of tax) on the sale, which is reported in Restructuring and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The transaction did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results, and therefore did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:


	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	550	$	531

Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	89		61
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	—		1
Total restricted cash	89		62

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	639	$	593

Amounts included in restricted cash primarily represent amounts required to be segregated by certain of the Company's receivables securitization agreements.

Receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Receivables


	2022		2021
Accounts receivable	$	1,132	$	1,289
Less: allowance for credit losses	(22)		(20)
Net trade receivables	1,110		1,269
Unbilled receivables	363		325
Miscellaneous receivables	370		295
	$	1,843	$	1,889

The Company uses receivables securitization and factoring facilities in the normal course of business as part of managing its cash flows. The Company primarily accounts for transfers under these facilities as sales because it has met the criteria for control of the receivables to be considered transferred. The Company’s continuing involvement in the transfers is limited to servicing the receivables. The Company receives adequate compensation for servicing the receivables and no servicing asset or liability is recorded.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company derecognized receivables of $1,342 and $1,011 related to the facilities. The Company recorded expenses of $41 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $13 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 as interest expense.

In December 2021, the Company's Bowling Green plant sustained tornado damage, resulting in curtailment of operations. The Company resumed operations in March 2022. However, it continued to incur incremental costs, including freight and warehousing expenses, to meet customer demand as the plant returned to full operational capacity in 2022. The Company has property and business interruption insurance policies for weather related events that include these incremental expenses. The Company recognizes insurance recoveries for losses incurred as the recoveries become probable. Insurance recoveries for lost profits are not recognized until they are realizable.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received insurance proceeds of $94 for business interruption, including incremental expenses, and $22 for property damage. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has recorded an insurance receivable, within miscellaneous receivables, of $23 for incremental expenses incurred that the Company expects to be reimbursed under the terms of its insurance policy.

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories


	2022		2021
Raw materials and supplies	$	1,352	$	1,094
Work in process	156		120
Finished goods	506		521
	$	2,014	$	1,735

Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:


	Americas Beverage		European Beverage		Transit Packaging		Other		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	839	$	560	$	1,561	$	186	$	3,146
Held for sale reclassification	—		—		(58)		—		(58)
Foreign currency translation	(14)		(25)		(42)		—		(81)

Balance at December 31, 2021	825		535		1,461		186		3,007


Goodwill acquired	—		—		6		—		6
Foreign currency translation	25		(44)		(39)		(4)		(62)

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	850	$	491	$	1,428	$	182	$	2,951

Goodwill reclassified to current assets held for sale during 2021 related to the sale of the Transit Packaging segment's Kiwiplan business. See Note B for more information.

The carrying amount of goodwill at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was net of the following accumulated impairments:


	Americas Beverage		European Beverage		Other		Total

Accumulated impairments	$	29	$	73	$	11	$	113

Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of finite-lived intangible assets by major class were as follows:


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net		Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net
Customer relationships	$	1,356	$	(542)	$	814	$	1,363	$	(443)	$	920
Trade names	530		(106)		424		544		(86)		458
Technology	157		(109)		48		158		(88)		70
Long term supply contracts	146		(76)		70		137		(63)		74
Patents	11		(9)		2		15		(12)		3
	$	2,200	$	(842)	$	1,358	$	2,217	$	(692)	$	1,525

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $159, $165 and $162.

During the year-ended December 31, 2021, $13 of intangible assets related to the sale of the Transit Packaging segment's Kiwiplan business were reclassified to current assets held for sale. See Note B for more information.

Annual amortization expense is estimated to be $157 for 2023, $146 for 2024, $141 for 2025, $132 for 2026 and $129 for 2027.

Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment


	2022		2021
Buildings and improvements	$	1,422	$	1,226
Machinery and equipment	5,576		5,372
Land and improvements	213		208
Construction in progress	844		612

	8,055		7,418
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,515)		(3,382)
	$	4,540	$	4,036

Capitalized interest related to construction in progress was $28 and $22 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease costs:
Operating lease cost	$	58	$	48	$	39

Short-term lease cost	2		3		5
Total operating lease costs	$	60	$	51	$	44

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1	$	1	$	1

Total finance lease costs	$	1	$	1	$	1

Variable operating lease cost was $4 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $3 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Interest on finance lease liabilities was less than $1 for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	53	$	51	$	44

Financing cash flows from finance leases	1		2		3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	87	$	73	$	42

Supplemental balance sheet information related to finance leases was as follows:


	2022		2021







Finance leases:
Property, plant and equipment	$	26	$	26
Accumulated depreciation	(3)		(2)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	23	$	24

Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	2
Other non-current liabilities	5		8
Total finance lease liabilities	$	7	$	10

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rates for each year were as follows:


	2022		2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	10.3		10.8
Finance leases	5.2		5.7
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	4.2	%	4.3	%
Finance leases	2.9	%	3.2	%

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	46	$	2
2024	37		2
2025	32		2
2026	26		1
2027	21		1
Thereafter	129		—
Total lease payments	291		8
Less imputed interest	(63)		(1)
	$	228	$	7

At December 31, 2022, the Company did not have material lease commitments that had not commenced.

Leases

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease costs:
Operating lease cost	$	58	$	48	$	39

Short-term lease cost	2		3		5
Total operating lease costs	$	60	$	51	$	44

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1	$	1	$	1

Total finance lease costs	$	1	$	1	$	1

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	53	$	51	$	44

Financing cash flows from finance leases	1		2		3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	87	$	73	$	42

Supplemental balance sheet information related to finance leases was as follows:


	2022		2021







Finance leases:
Property, plant and equipment	$	26	$	26
Accumulated depreciation	(3)		(2)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	23	$	24

Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	2
Other non-current liabilities	5		8
Total finance lease liabilities	$	7	$	10

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rates for each year were as follows:


	2022		2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	10.3		10.8
Finance leases	5.2		5.7
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	4.2	%	4.3	%
Finance leases	2.9	%	3.2	%

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	46	$	2
2024	37		2
2025	32		2
2026	26		1
2027	21		1
Thereafter	129		—
Total lease payments	291		8
Less imputed interest	(63)		(1)
	$	228	$	7

At December 31, 2022, the Company did not have material lease commitments that had not commenced.

Other Non-Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Other Non-Current Assets


	2022		2021
Pension assets	$	88	$	158
Deferred taxes	113		150
Investments	158		161
Fair value of derivatives	91		51
Other	122		84
	$	572	$	604

Accrued Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities


	2022		2021
Salaries and employee benefits	$	138	$	169
Accrued taxes, other than on income	102		104
Income taxes	87		101
Accrued interest	52		47
Fair value of derivatives	35		32
Asbestos liabilities	25		25
Pension and postretirement liabilities	20		25
Restructuring	20		4

Other	451		459
	$	930	$	966

Restructuring and Other

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Other

The Company recorded restructuring and other items as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Asset sales and impairments	$	(106)	$	(20)	$	2
Restructuring	35		29		19
Other costs / (income)	14		(42)		9
Asbestos	5		5		—
	$	(52)	$	(28)	$	30

2022 Activity

Asset sales and impairments primarily relates to the $113 gain on sale of the Kiwiplan business. See Note B for more information on the sale.

Restructuring included charges of $29 related to an overhead cost reduction program initiated by the Company's Transit Packaging segment. The Company expects to reduce headcount by approximately 600 employees.

See Note O for more information on the Company's provision for asbestos.

2021 Activity

Other costs / (income) included gains of $30 arising from a favorable court ruling in a lawsuit brought by certain of the Company's Brazilian subsidiaries asserting they were overcharged by local tax authorities for indirect taxes paid in prior years.

Asset sales and impairments included gains on various asset sales.

Restructuring primarily includes charges related to relocation of the Transit Packaging headquarters and headcount reductions across segments.

2020 Activity

Restructuring included charges of $19 related to an internal reorganization and headcount reductions within the Transit Packaging segment.

Restructuring charges by segment were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020

European Beverage	$	—	$	3	$	—
Asia Pacific	—		1		1
Transit Packaging	35		19		19
Other	—		3		(1)
Corporate	—		3		—
	$	35	$	29	$	19

Restructuring charges by type were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Termination benefits	$	29	$	10	$	8
Other exit costs	6		19		11


	$	35	$	29	$	19

At December 31, 2022, the Company had a restructuring accrual of $20, primarily related to the headcount reductions and other internal reorganizations within the Transit Packaging segment. The Company expects to pay these amounts over the next twelve months.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt


	2022				2021
	Principal		Carrying		Principal		Carrying
	outstanding		amount		outstanding		amount
Short-term debt	$	76	$	76	$	75	$	75

Long-term debt
Senior secured borrowings:
Revolving credit facilities	329		329		50		50
Term loan facilities
U.S. dollar due 2027	1,800		1,792		—		—
U.S. dollar due 2024	—		—		1,002		997

Euro due 20271	578		578		—		—
Euro due 20242	—		—		344		344

Senior notes and debentures:

€335 at 2.25% due 2023	—		—		381		380
€550 at 0.75% due 2023	—		—		626		624
€600 at 2.625% due 2024	642		640		683		680
€600 at 3.375% due 2025	642		640		683		679
U.S. dollar at 4.25% due 2026	400		397		400		396
U.S. dollar at 4.75% due 2026	875		869		875		867
U.S. dollar at 7.375% due 2026	350		348		350		348
€500 at 2.875% due 2026	536		532		570		565
U.S. dollar at 5.25% due 2030	500		494		—		—
U.S. dollar at 7.50% due 2096	40		40		40		40
Other indebtedness in various currencies:
Fixed rate with rates in 2022 from 2.7% to 14.4% due through 2027	221		221		189		189
Variable rate with an average rate in 2022 of 1.5% due 2026	21		21		28		28

Total long-term debt	6,934		6,901		6,221		6,187
Less: current maturities	(109)		(109)		(136)		(135)
Total long-term debt, less current maturities	$	6,825	$	6,792	$	6,085	$	6,052

(1) €540 at December 31, 2022

(2) €303 at December 31, 2021

The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings, using a market approach incorporating level 2 inputs such as quoted market prices for the same or similar issues, was $6,922 at December 31, 2022 and $6,548 at December 31, 2021.

In March 2022, the Company issued $500 principal amount of 5.250% senior unsecured notes due 2030. The notes were issued at par by Crown Americas LLC, a subsidiary of the Company, and are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and substantially all of its U.S. subsidiaries.

In August 2022, the Company amended the credit agreement governing its senior secured credit facilities. The amendment extended the agreement’s maturity to August 2027 and increased the commitments under several of the Company’s existing facilities. The Company’s commitments under its credit agreement include $800 million in U.S. dollar denominated revolving commitments, $800 million in multicurrency revolving commitments, $50 million in Canadian dollar-denominated revolving commitments, $1.8 billion in Term Loan A commitments, and €540 million in Term Euro commitments.

In September 2022, the Company redeemed all of its €335 2.25% senior notes due 2023 and its €550 0.75% senior notes due 2023. In connection with the amended credit agreement and early redemption of senior notes, the Company recorded a loss from early extinguishment of debt of $11 in 2022 for premium payments and the write-off of deferred financing fees.

The revolving credit facilities include provisions for letters of credit up to $310 that reduce the amount of borrowing capacity otherwise available. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s available borrowing capacity under the credit facilities was $1,252 equal to the facilities’ aggregate capacity of $1,650 less $69 of outstanding letters of credit and $329 of credit facility borrowings. The interest rates on the facilities can vary from SOFR or EURIBOR, with a floor of zero, plus a margin of up to 1.60%, depending on the facility, based on the Company's leverage ratio. The revolving credit facilities and term loan facilities required the Company to maintain a leverage ratio of no greater than 5.00 times at December 31, 2022. The leverage ratio is calculated as total net debt divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement). Total net debt is defined in the credit agreement as total debt less cash and cash equivalents. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated as the sum of, among other things, net income attributable to Crown Holdings, net income attributable to certain of the Company's subsidiaries, income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and certain non-cash charges. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, the U.S. dollar term loan interest rate was SOFR plus 1.35% and the Euro term loan interest rate was EURIBOR plus 1.25%.

The weighted average interest rates were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Short-term debt	3.8	%	0.6	%	2.1	%
Revolving credit facilities	2.5	%	1.2	%	1.8	%

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt, excluding unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, for the five years subsequent to 2022 are $109, $852, $779, $2,315 and $2,339. Cash payments for interest during 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $270, $294, and $302.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1I
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
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-Subparagraph (g)
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

+ Details

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

Under U.S. GAAP a framework exists for measuring fair value, providing a three-tier hierarchy of pricing inputs used to report assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value. Level 1 includes inputs such as quoted prices which are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the report date. Level 2 includes inputs other than those available in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3 includes unobservable pricing inputs that are not corroborated by market data or other objective sources. The Company has no recurring items valued using Level 3 inputs other than certain pension plan assets.

The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company applies a market approach to value its commodity price hedge contracts. Prices from observable markets are used to develop the fair value of these financial instruments and they are reported under Level 2. The Company uses an income approach to value its foreign exchange forward contracts. These contracts are valued using a discounted cash flow model that calculates the present value of future cash flows under the terms of the contracts using market information as of the reporting date, such as foreign exchange spot and forward rates, and are reported under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair value disclosures for financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis are provided below. In addition, see Note M for fair value disclosures related to debt.

Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through a program that includes the use of derivative financial

instruments, primarily swaps and forwards. Counterparties to these contracts are major financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company’s objective in managing exposure to market and interest rate risk is to limit the impact on earnings and cash flow. The extent to which the Company uses such instruments is dependent upon its access to these contracts in the financial markets and its success using other methods, such as netting exposures in the same currencies to mitigate foreign exchange risk, using sales agreements that permit the pass-through of commodity price and foreign exchange rate risk to customers and borrowing both fixed and floating debt instruments to manage interest rate risk.

For derivative financial instruments accounted for in hedging relationships, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the manner in which effectiveness will be assessed. The Company formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the hedging relationships are effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the related underlying exposures. When a forecasted transaction is reasonably possible, but not probable of occurring, the hedge no longer qualifies for hedge accounting and the change in fair value from the date of the last effectiveness test is recognized in earnings. Any gain or loss which has accumulated in other comprehensive income at the date of the last effectiveness test is reclassified into earnings at the same time of the underlying exposure or when the forecasted transaction becomes probable of not occurring.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company designates certain derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges. No components of the hedging instruments are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in fair value of outstanding derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income until earnings are impacted by the hedged transaction. Classification of the gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations upon reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income is the same as that of the underlying exposure. Contracts outstanding at December 31, 2022 mature between one and twenty-four months.

The Company uses commodity forward contracts to hedge anticipated purchases of various commodities, including natural gas and electricity, and these exposures are hedged by a central treasury unit.

The Company also designates certain foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges of anticipated foreign currency denominated sales or purchases. The Company manages these risks at the operating unit level. Often, foreign currency risk is hedged together with the related commodity price risk.

The Company may also uses interest rate swaps to convert interest on floating rate debt to a fixed-rate.

The following tables set forth financial information about the impact on other comprehensive income ("OCI"), accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and earnings from changes in the fair value related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges.


	Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI

Derivatives in cash flow hedges		2022		2021

Foreign exchange		$	(1)	$	(5)
Interest rate		—		2
Commodities		(27)		74
		$	(28)	$	71


	Amount of gain / (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income

Derivatives in cash flow hedges		2022		2021		Affected line item in the Statements of Operations

Foreign exchange		$	(7)	$	(4)	Net sales
Commodities		(6)		(54)		Net sales
Foreign exchange		3		2		Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization
Commodities		29		147		Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization
		19		91		Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates
		(4)		(23)		Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes
		15		68		Net income / (loss) from continuing operations

Commodities		—		5		Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations
Total reclassified		$	15	$	73	Net income / (loss)

For the year ending December 31, 2023, a net loss of $13 ($11, net of tax) is expected to be reclassified to earnings for commodity and foreign exchange contracts. No material amounts were reclassified during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 in connection with anticipated transactions that were no longer considered probable.

Fair Value Hedges and Contracts Not Designated as Hedges

The Company designates certain derivative financial instruments as fair value hedges of recognized foreign-denominated assets and liabilities, generally trade accounts receivable and payable and unrecognized firm commitments. The notional values and maturity dates of the derivative instruments coincide with those of the hedged items. Changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments, excluding time value, are offset by changes in fair value of the related hedged items.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss of $19 and a gain of $3 from foreign exchange contracts designated as fair value hedges. These adjustments were reported within foreign exchange in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Certain derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange contracts related to intercompany debt, were not designated or did not qualify for hedge accounting; however, they are effective economic hedges as the changes in their fair value, except for time value, are offset by changes from re-measurement of the related hedged items. The Company’s primary use of these derivative instruments is to offset the earnings impact that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have on certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies. Changes in fair value of these derivative instruments are immediately recognized in earnings as foreign exchange adjustments.

The following table sets forth the impact on earnings from derivatives not designated as hedges.


	Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings

Derivatives not designated as hedges		2022		2021		Affected line item in the Statements of Operations
Foreign exchange		$	(2)	$	(3)	Net sales
Foreign exchange		7		(1)		Cost of products sold

Foreign exchange		(14)		(29)		Foreign exchange

		$	(9)	$	(33)

Net Investment Hedges

The Company designates certain debt and derivative instruments as net investment hedges to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a gain of $32 ($19, net of tax) and a gain of $103 ($103, net of tax) in other comprehensive income for certain debt instruments that are designated as hedges of its net investment in a euro-based subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, cumulative gains of $101 ($111, net of tax) and $69 ($92, net of tax) were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income related to these net investment hedges and the carrying amount of the hedging instrument was approximately €538 ($576) at December 31, 2022.

The following tables set forth financial information about the impact on accumulated other comprehensive income from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges.


	Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges	2022		2021
Foreign exchange	$	32	$	47

Gains and losses representing components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness on derivatives designated as net investment hedges are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Gains or losses on net investment hedges remain in accumulated other comprehensive income until disposal of the underlying assets.

Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments and Valuation Hierarchy

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value of these financial instruments were reported under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


	Balance Sheet classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Balance Sheet classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts cash flow	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3	$	3	Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	10

	Other non-current assets	1		—		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts fair value	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4		1		Accrued liabilities	4		2

Commodities contracts cash flow	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	11		53		Accrued liabilities	27		17

	Other non-current assets	—		2		Other non-current liabilities	—		1


Net investment hedge	Other non-current assets	90		49		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
		$	109	$	108		$	33	$	30
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments


Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	8	$	3	Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	3







Total derivatives		$	117	$	111		$	35	$	33

Fair Value Hedge Carrying Amounts


	Carrying amount of the hedged assets and liabilities
Line item in the Balance Sheet in which the hedged item is included	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021

Cash and cash equivalents	22	38
Receivables, net	16	21
Accrued liabilities	111	116

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets and liabilities were net gains of $1, respectively.

Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Certain derivative financial instruments are subject to agreements with counterparties similar to master netting arrangements and are eligible for offset. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to offset the fair values of these instruments. In the table below, the aggregate fair values of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are presented on both a gross and net basis, where appropriate.


	Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet		Net amount
Balance at December 31, 2022
Derivative assets	$	117	$	13	$	104
Derivative liabilities	35		13		22

Balance at December 31, 2021
Derivative assets	$	111	$	19	$	92
Derivative liabilities	33		19		14

Notional Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments

The aggregate U.S. dollar-equivalent notional values of outstanding derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange	$	287	$	241
Commodities	230		261

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Foreign exchange	201		229
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange	875		875
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign exchange	512		617

Asbestos-Related Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Liability for Asbestos and Environmental Claims [Abstract]

Asbestos-Related Liabilities

Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. (“Crown Cork”) is one of many defendants in a substantial number of lawsuits filed throughout the United States by persons alleging bodily injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These claims arose from the insulation operations of a U.S. company, the majority of whose stock Crown Cork purchased in 1963. Approximately ninety days after the stock purchase, this U.S. company sold its insulation assets and was later merged into Crown Cork.

Prior to 1998, amounts paid to asbestos claimants were covered by a fund made available to Crown Cork under a 1985 settlement with carriers insuring Crown Cork through 1976, when Crown Cork became self-insured. The fund was depleted in 1998 and the Company has no remaining coverage for asbestos-related costs.

The states of Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming have enacted legislation that limits asbestos-related liabilities under state law of companies such as Crown Cork that allegedly incurred these liabilities because they are successors by corporate merger to companies that had been involved with asbestos. The legislation, which applies to future and, with the exception of Arkansas, Georgia, South Carolina, South Dakota, West Virginia and Wyoming, pending claims at the time of enactment, caps asbestos-related liabilities at the fair market value of the predecessor's total gross assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the total value of its predecessor's assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has integrated the legislation into its claims defense strategy. The Company cautions, however, that the legislation may be challenged and there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate effect of the legislation on Crown Cork.

In June 2003, the State of Texas enacted legislation that limits the asbestos-related liabilities in Texas courts of companies such as Crown Cork that allegedly incurred these liabilities because they are successors by corporate merger to companies that had been involved with asbestos. The Texas legislation, which applies to future and pending claims, caps asbestos-related liabilities at the total gross value of the predecessor’s assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the total adjusted value of its predecessor’s assets.

In October 2010, the Texas Supreme Court reversed a lower court decision, Barbara Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc., No. 14-04-00658-CV, Fourteenth Court of Appeals, Texas, which had upheld the dismissal of an asbestos-

related case against Crown Cork. The Texas Supreme Court held that the Texas legislation was unconstitutional under the Texas Constitution when applied to asbestos-related claims pending against Crown Cork when the legislation was enacted in June of 2003. The Company believes that the decision of the Texas Supreme Court is limited to retroactive application of the Texas legislation to asbestos-related cases that were pending against Crown Cork in Texas on June 11, 2003 and therefore, in its accrual, continues to assign no value to claims filed after June 11, 2003.

In December 2001, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania enacted legislation that limits the asbestos-related liabilities of Pennsylvania corporations that are successors by corporate merger to companies involved with asbestos. The legislation limits the successor’s liability for asbestos to the acquired company’s asset value adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the acquired company’s adjusted asset value. In November 2004, the legislation was amended to address a Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision (Ieropoli v. AC&S Corporation, et. al., No. 117 EM 2002) which held that the statute violated the Pennsylvania Constitution due to retroactive application. The Company cautions that the limitations of the statute, as amended, are subject to litigation and may not be upheld.

The Company further cautions that an adverse ruling in any litigation relating to the constitutionality or applicability to Crown Cork of one or more statutes that limits the asbestos-related liability of alleged defendants like Crown Cork could have a material impact on the Company.

The Company's approximate claims activity for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:


	2022	2021	2020
Beginning claims	57,000	56,000	56,000
New claims	1,500	2,000	1,500
Settlements or dismissals	(1,000)	(1,000)	(1,500)
Ending claims	57,500	57,000	56,000

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company made cash payments of $21, $19, and $21 to settle asbestos claims and pay related legal and defense costs.

In the fourth quarter of each year, the Company performs an analysis of outstanding claims and categorizes by year of exposure and state filed. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company's outstanding claims were:


	2022	2021
Claimants alleging first exposure after 1964	17,000	17,000
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 filed in:
Texas	13,000	13,000
Pennsylvania	1,500	1,500
Other states that have enacted asbestos legislation	6,000	6,000
Other states	20,000	19,500
Total claims outstanding	57,500	57,000

The outstanding claims in each period exclude approximately 19,000 inactive claims. Due to the passage of time, the Company considers it unlikely that the plaintiffs in these cases will pursue further action against the Company. The exclusion of these inactive claims had no effect on the calculation of the Company’s accrual as the claims were filed in states, as described above, where the Company’s liability is limited by statute.

With respect to claimants alleging first exposure to asbestos before or during 1964, the Company does not include in its accrual any amounts for settlements in states where the Company’s liability is limited by statute except for certain pending claims in Texas as described earlier.

With respect to post-1964 claims, regardless of the existence of asbestos legislation, the Company does not include in its accrual any amounts for settlement of these claims because of increased difficulty of establishing identification of relevant insulation products as the cause of injury. Given its settlement experience with post-1964 claims, the Company does not believe that an adverse ruling in the Texas or Pennsylvania asbestos litigation cases, or in any other state that has enacted asbestos legislation, would have a material impact on the Company with respect to such claims.

As of December 31, the percentage of outstanding claims related to claimants alleging serious diseases (primarily mesothelioma and other malignancies) were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Total claims	24	%	24	%	23	%
Pre-1965 claims in states without asbestos legislation	43	%	42	%	41	%

Crown Cork has entered into arrangements with plaintiffs’ counsel in certain jurisdictions with respect to claims which are not yet filed, or asserted, against it. However, Crown Cork expects claims under these arrangements to be filed or asserted against Crown Cork in the future. The projected value of these claims is included in the Company’s estimated liability as of December 31, 2022.

Approximately 82% of the claims outstanding at the end of 2022 were filed by plaintiffs who do not claim a specific amount of damages or claim a minimum amount as established by court rules relating to jurisdiction; approximately 15% were filed by plaintiffs who claim damages of less than $5; approximately 3% were filed by plaintiffs who claim damages from $5 to less than $100 (36% of whom claim damages less than $25) and 14 claims were filed by plaintiffs who claim damages in excess of $100.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s accrual for pending and future asbestos-related claims and related legal costs was $220, including $178 for unasserted claims. The Company determines its accrual without limitation to a specified time period. It is reasonably possible that the actual loss could be in excess of the Company’s accrual. However, the Company is unable to estimate the reasonably possible loss in excess of its accrual due to uncertainty in the following assumptions that underlie the Company’s accrual and the possibility of losses in excess of such accrual: the amount of damages sought by the claimant, the Company and claimant’s willingness to negotiate a settlement, the terms of settlements of other defendants with asbestos-related liabilities, the bankruptcy filings of other defendants (which may result in additional claims and higher settlements for non-bankrupt defendants), the nature of pending and future claims (including the seriousness of alleged disease, whether claimants allege first exposure to asbestos before or during 1964 and the claimant’s ability to demonstrate the alleged link to Crown Cork), the volatility of the litigation environment, the defense strategies available to the Company, the level of future claims, the rate of receipt of claims, the jurisdiction in which claims are filed, and the effect of state asbestos legislation (including the validity and applicability of the Pennsylvania legislation to non-Pennsylvania jurisdictions, where the substantial majority of the Company’s asbestos cases are filed).

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	Commitments and Contingent Liabilities The Company, along with others in most cases, has been identified by the EPA or a comparable state environmental agency as a Potentially Responsible Party (“PRP”) at a number of sites and has recorded aggregate accruals of $12 for its share of estimated future remediation costs at these sites. The Company has been identified as having either directly or indirectly disposed of commercial or industrial waste at the sites subject to the accrual, and where appropriate and supported by available information, generally has agreed to be responsible for a percentage of future remediation costs based on an estimated volume of materials disposed in proportion to the total materials disposed at each site. The Company has not had monetary sanctions imposed nor has the Company been notified of any potential monetary sanctions at any of the sites. The Company has also recorded aggregate accruals of $8 for remediation activities at various worldwide locations that are owned by the Company and for which the Company is not a member of a PRP group. Although the Company believes its accruals are adequate to cover its portion of future remediation costs, there can be no assurance that the ultimate payments will not exceed the amount of the Company’s accruals and will not have a material effect on its results of operations, financial position and cash flow. Any possible loss or range of potential loss that may be incurred in excess of the recorded accruals cannot be estimated. In March 2015, the Bundeskartellamt, or German Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”), conducted unannounced inspections of the premises of several metal packaging manufacturers, including a German subsidiary of the Company. The local court order authorizing the inspection cited FCO suspicions of anti-competitive agreements in the German market for the supply of metal packaging products. The Company conducted an internal investigation into the matter and discovered instances of inappropriate conduct by certain employees of German subsidiaries of the Company. The Company cooperated with the FCO and submitted a leniency application with the FCO which disclosed the findings of its internal investigation to date. In April 2018, the FCO discontinued its national investigation and referred the matter to the European Commission (the “Commission”). Following the referral, Commission officials conducted unannounced inspections of the premises of several metal packaging manufacturers, including Company subsidiaries in Germany, France and the U.K. The Company cooperated with the Commission and submitted a leniency application with the Commission with respect to the findings of its internal investigation in Germany. In July 2022, the Company reached a settlement with the Commission relating to the Commission’s investigation, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay a fine in the amount of $8. Fining decisions based on settlements can be appealed under EU law. The Company is seeking annulment of the Commission’s fining decision on the basis that the referral of the case from the FCO to the Commission was unjustified. There can be no assurance regarding the outcome of such appeal. In March 2017, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) at the Port of Milwaukee issued a penalty notification alleging that certain of the Company’s subsidiaries intentionally misclassified the importation of certain goods into the U.S. during the period 2004 -2009. CBP initially assessed a penalty of $18. The Company has acknowledged to CBP that the goods were misclassified and has paid all related duties, which CBP does not dispute. The Company has asserted that the misclassification was unintentional and disputes the penalty assessment by CBP. CBP has brought suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade seeking enforcement of the initial penalty against the Company. At the present time, based on the information available, the Company does not believe that a loss for the alleged intentional misclassification is probable. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in contesting the assessed penalty. On October 7, 2021, the French Autorité de la concurrence (the French Competition Authority or “FCA”) issued a statement of objections to 14 trade associations, one public entity and 101 legal entities from 28 corporate groups, including the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, other leading metal can manufacturers, certain can fillers and certain retailers in France. The FCA alleged violations of Articles 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and L.420-1 of the French Commercial Code. The statement of objections alleges, among other things, anti-competitive behavior in connection with the removal of bisphenol-A from metal packaging in France. The removal of bisphenol-A was mandated by French legislation that went into effect in 2015. If the FCA finds that the Company or its subsidiaries violated competition law, the FCA may levy fines. Proceedings with respect to this matter are ongoing and the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome including the amount of fines, if any, that may be levied by the FCA. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the statement of objectives. The Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to various other lawsuits and claims with respect to labor, environmental, securities, vendor and other matters arising out of the Company’s normal course of business. While the impact on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists, management believes that the ultimate liabilities resulting from such lawsuits and claims will not materially affect the Company’s consolidated earnings, financial position or cash flow. The Company has various commitments to purchase materials, supplies and utilities as part of the ordinary conduct of business. At times, the Company guarantees the obligations of subsidiaries under certain of these contracts and is liable for such arrangements only if the subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. The Company’s basic raw materials for its products are aluminum and steel, both of which are purchased from multiple sources. The Company is subject to fluctuations in the cost of these raw materials and has periodically adjusted its selling prices to reflect these movements. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to fully recover any increases or fluctuations in raw material costs from its customers. The Company also has commitments for standby letters of credit and for purchases of capital assets. At December 31, 2022, the Company was party to certain indemnification agreements covering environmental remediation, lease payments and other potential costs associated with properties sold or businesses divested. The Company accrues for costs related to these items when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Other Non-Current Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Non-Current Liabilities


	2022		2021
Deferred taxes	$	374	$	336
Asbestos liabilities	195		212
Income taxes payable	30		26

Postemployment benefits	20		21
Environmental	12		12
Finance lease liabilities	5		8
Other	76		81
	$	712	$	696

Income taxes payable includes unrecognized tax benefits as discussed in Note S.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pensions. The Company sponsors various pension plans covering certain U.S. and non-U.S. employees, and participates in certain multi-employer pension plans. The benefits under the Company plans are based primarily on years of service and either the employees’ remuneration near retirement or a fixed dollar multiple.

A measurement date of December 31 was used for all plans presented below.

The components of pension expense were as follows:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	19	$	20	$	18
Interest cost	31		25		38
Expected return on plan assets	(75)		(63)		(73)
Settlements	—		—		3
Curtailments and special termination benefits	1		9		—
Amortization of actuarial loss	44		58		56
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		1
Net periodic cost	$	21	$	50	$	43


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	9	$	13	$	10
Interest cost	13		32		52
Expected return on plan assets	(22)		(72)		(107)
Settlements	—		1,511		63

Amortization of actuarial loss	5		33		27
Amortization of prior service credit	(1)		—		—
Net periodic cost	$	4	$	1,517	$	45

The settlement charge in 2021 arose from the irrevocable transfer of the Company's U.K. defined benefit pension plan (the "Plan") to an insurer. In 2021, the Company made a cash contribution of £196 to enable the Plan to purchase a bulk annuity insurance contract for the benefit of the Plan participants. The Company expects £127 ($153 using December 31, 2022 exchange rate) of the cash contribution to be repaid as the Plan sells its remaining illiquid assets, of which £101 ($122 using December 31, 2022 exchange rate) has been received to date, including $77 in 2022.

The settlement charge in 2020 arose from the payment of lump sum buy-outs to settle certain pension obligations using plan assets.

Additional pension expense of $5 in each of 2022, 2021 and 2020 was recognized for multi-employer plans.

The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the Company's U.S. and non-U.S. plans were as follows:


	U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at January 1	$	1,413	$	1,505	$	513	$	3,172
Service cost	19		20		9		13
Interest cost	31		25		13		32
Plan participants’ contributions	—		—		2		2
Amendments	1		2		—		(3)
Settlements	(9)		—		(9)		(2,982)
Curtailments	(2)		(10)		—		(7)
Special termination benefits	—		6		—		—
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(266)		(43)		(95)		444
Benefits paid	(93)		(92)		(30)		(165)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(16)		7
Benefit obligations at December 31	$	1,094	$	1,413	$	387	$	513
Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1	$	1,177	$	1,152	$	529	$	3,518
Actual return on plan assets	(199)		115		(22)		(94)
Employer contributions	10		2		(63)		234
Plan participants’ contributions	—		—		2		2
Settlements	(9)		—		(7)		(2,982)
Benefits paid	(93)		(92)		(31)		(165)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(27)		16
Fair value of plan assets at December 31	$	886	$	1,177	$	381	$	529

Funded status	$	(208)	$	(236)	$	(6)	$	16

Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31	$	1,055	$	1,361	$	361	$	474

For the year ended December 31, 2022, actuarial gains for the Company’s U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans totaled $46. Actuarial gains and losses arise each year primarily due to changes in discount rates, differences in actual plan asset returns compared to expected returns, and changes in actuarial assumptions such as mortality. The gain in 2022 is primarily due to higher discount rates at the end of 2022 compared to 2021, partially offset by actual asset returns lower than expected returns.

U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations and projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	1,094	$	1,413
Accumulated benefit obligations	1,055		1,361
Fair value of plan assets	886		1,177

Non-U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	224	$	284
Accumulated benefit obligations	204		253
Fair value of plan assets	134		147

Non-U.S. pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	224	$	288
Accumulated benefit obligations	204		257
Fair value of plan assets	135		151

The Company’s investment strategy in its U.S. plan is designed to generate returns that are consistent with providing benefits to plan participants within the risk tolerance of the plan. Asset allocation is the primary determinant of return levels and investment risk exposure.

The strategic ranges for asset allocation in the U.S. plans are as follows:


U.S. equities	45	%	to	55	%
International equities	7.5	%	to	12.5	%
Fixed income	15	%	to	25	%
Balanced funds	7.5	%	to	12.5	%
Real estate	7.5	%	to	12.5	%

Pension assets are classified into three levels. Level 1 asset values are derived from quoted prices which are available in active markets as of the report date. Level 2 asset values are derived from other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the report date. Level 3 asset values are derived from unobservable pricing inputs that are not corroborated by market data or other objective sources.

Level 1 Investments

Equity securities are valued at the latest quoted prices taken from the primary exchange on which the security trades. Mutual funds are valued at the net asset value (NAV) of shares held at year-end.

Level 2 Investments

Fixed income securities, including government issued debt, corporate debt, asset-backed and structured debt securities are valued using the latest bid prices or valuations based on a matrix system (which considers such factors as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and other reference data including market research publications). Derivatives, which consist mainly of interest rate swaps, are valued using a discounted cash flow pricing model based on observable market data.

Level 3 Investments

Hedge funds and private equity funds are valued at the NAV at year-end. The values assigned to private equity funds are based upon assessments of each underlying investment, incorporating valuations that consider the evaluation of financing and sale transactions with third parties, expected cash flows and market-based information, including comparable transactions, and performance multiples among other factors. Real estate investments are based on third party appraisals.

Investments Measured Using NAV per Share Practical Expedient

Investments measured using NAV per share as a practical expedient include investment funds that invest in global equity, emerging markets and fixed income. The global equity funds invest in equity securities of various market sectors including industrial materials, consumer discretionary goods and services, financial infrastructure, technology, and health care. The emerging markets funds invest in equity markets within financial services, consumer goods and services, energy, and technology.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair value. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in different fair value measurements at the reporting date.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The levels assigned to the defined benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized in the tables below:


	2022
	U.S. plan assets		Non-U.S. plan assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35	$	19	$	54
Global large cap equity	—		11		11
U.S. large cap equity	152		2		154

U.S. mid/small cap equity	246		19		265
Mutual funds – global equity	64		—		64
Mutual funds – U.S. equity	52		—		52
Mutual funds – fixed income	54		—		54
	603		51		654
Level 2
Government issued debt securities	—		18		18
Corporate debt securities	42		2		44
Insurance contracts	—		94		94
Investment funds – fixed income	—		1		1

	42		115		157
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate	135		68		203
Private equity	4		1		5
Real estate – direct	28		16		44
	167		85		252

Total assets in fair value hierarchy	812		251		1,063

Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income	68		19		87
Investment funds – global equity	—		108		108
Investment funds – emerging markets	5		—		5
Investment funds – real estate	—		3		3
	73		130		203
Total investments at fair value	$	885	$	381	$	1,266


	2021
	U.S. plan assets		Non-U.S. plan assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68	$	21	$	89
Global large cap equity	—		8		8
U.S. large cap equity	238		6		244

U.S. mid/small cap equity	332		25		357
Mutual funds – global equity	93		—		93
Mutual funds – U.S. equity	85		—		85
Mutual funds – fixed income	71		—		71
	887		60		947
Level 2
Government issued debt securities	—		17		17
Corporate debt securities	61		3		64


Insurance contracts	—		110		110

Investment funds – fixed income	—		38		38

	61		168		229
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate	79		92		171

Private equity	5		2		7
Real estate – direct	25		15		40
	109		109		218

Total assets in fair value hierarchy	1,057		337		1,394

Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income	112		25		137
Investment funds – global equity	—		167		167
Investment funds – emerging markets	7		—		7


	119		192		311
Total investments at fair value	$	1,176	$	529	$	1,705

(a) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued income excluded from the tables above was as follows:


	2022		2021
U.S. plan assets	$	1	$	1
Non-U.S. plan assets	—		—

Plan assets include $265 and $357 of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The following tables reconcile the beginning and ending balances of plan assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).


	Hedge funds		Private equity		Real estate		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	2	$	51	$	307	$	360
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(1)		(1)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	(1)		(48)		30		(19)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	1		39		3		43
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	(2)		(35)		(128)		(165)

Balance at December 31, 2021	—		7		211		218
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(9)		(9)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	—		(2)		(9)		(11)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	—		1		9		10
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	—		(1)		45		44

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—	$	5	$	247	$	252

The following table presents additional information about the pension plan assets valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:


	Fair Value		Redemption Frequency	Redemption Notice Period
Balance at December 31, 2022
Investment funds – fixed income	$	87	Semi-monthly	1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity	108		Daily	10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets	5		Daily	30 days
Investment funds – real estate	3		Daily	10 days

Balance at December 31, 2021
Investment funds – fixed income	$	137	Semi-monthly	1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity	167		Daily	10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets	7		Daily	30 days

The pension plan assets valued using net asset value as a practical expedient do not have any unfunded commitments.

Pension assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were:


	2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	88	$	158
Current liabilities	8		11
Non-current liabilities	294		367

The Company’s current liability at December 31, 2022, represents the expected required payments to be made for unfunded plans over the next twelve months. Total estimated 2023 employer contributions are $16 for the Company’s pension plans.

Changes in the net loss and prior service cost (credit) for the Company’s pension plans were:


	2022				2021				2020
	Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service
Balance at January 1	$	814	$	2	$	1,802	$	8	$	1,808	$	8
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(49)		(1)		(1,629)		(4)		(150)		(1)
Current year loss / (gain)	(45)		(1)		640		(2)		118		—
Amendments	—		—		(1)		—		—		1
Foreign currency translation	(8)		—		2		—		26		—
Balance at December 31	$	712	$	—	$	814	$	2	$	1,802	$	8

Expected future benefit payments as of December 31, 2022 are:


	U.S. plans		Non-U.S. plans
2023	$	91	$	30
2024	101		29
2025	99		31
2026	85		31
2027	106		30
2028 - 2032	389		156

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligations at December 31 were:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate	5.2	%	2.9	%	2.5	%
Compensation increase	5.0	%	4.7	%	4.7	%


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate	4.9	%	2.5	%	1.4	%
Compensation increase	2.7	%	2.5	%	3.0	%

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension expense for each year were:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate - service cost	3.3	%	3.1	%	3.6	%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.2	%	1.7	%	2.8	%
Compensation increase	4.7	%	4.7	%	4.7	%
Long-term rate of return	6.6	%	5.7	%	6.8	%


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate - service cost	2.9	%	2.2	%	2.6	%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.6	%	1.8	%	1.9	%
Compensation increase	2.7	%	2.5	%	3.0	%
Long-term rate of return	4.3	%	3.3	%	3.3	%

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is determined by taking into consideration expected long-term returns associated with each major asset class based on long-term historical ranges, inflation assumptions and the expected net value from active management of the assets based on actual results.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans. The Company sponsors unfunded plans to provide health care and life insurance benefits to certain retirees and survivors. Generally, the medical plans pay a stated percentage of medical expenses reduced by deductibles and other coverages. Life insurance benefits are generally provided by insurance contracts. The Company reserves the right, subject to existing agreements, to change, modify or discontinue the plans. A measurement date of December 31 was used for the plans presented below.

The components of net postretirement benefits cost were as follows:


Other Postretirement Benefits	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	1	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	4		4		5
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)		(26)		(26)
Amortization of actuarial loss	2		4		4
Net periodic benefit credit	$	(13)	$	(17)	$	(16)

Changes in the benefit obligations were:


	2022		2021
Benefit obligations at January 1	$	137	$	163
Service cost	1		1
Interest cost	4		4
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(22)		(20)


Benefits paid	(11)		(10)
Foreign currency translation	(1)		(1)
Benefit obligations at December 31	$	108	$	137

Changes in the net (gain)/ loss and prior service credit for the Company’s postretirement benefit plans were:


	2022				2021				2020
	Net (gain) / loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service
Balance at January 1	$	21	$	(20)	$	45	$	(46)	$	42	$	(72)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(2)		20		(4)		26		(4)		26
Current year (gain) / loss	(22)		—		(20)		—		7		—

Foreign currency translation	1		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	(2)	$	—	$	21	$	(20)	$	45	$	(46)

Expected future benefit payments are as follows:


	Benefit Payments
2023	$	13
2024	11
2025	11
2026	10
2027	10
2028 - 2032	42

The assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31, 2022 were as follows:


Health care cost trend rate assumed for 2022	4.6	%
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to	4.1	%
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain	2033

Weighted average discount rates used to calculate the benefit obligations at the end of each year and the cost for each year are presented below:


	2022		2021		2020
Benefit obligations	5.8	%	3.4	%	2.8	%
Service cost	7.8	%	5.9	%	4.1	%
Interest cost	5.7	%	3.6	%	3.3	%

Defined Contribution Benefit Plans. The Company also sponsors defined contribution benefit plans in certain jurisdictions including the U.S. and the U.K. The Company recognized expense of $13, $12, and $13 in 2022, 2021 and 2020 related to these plans.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

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+ Details

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	295	$	143	$	97
Foreign	761		(562)		628
	$	1,056	$	(419)	$	725

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:


	2022		2021		2020
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$	18	$	2	$	—
State and foreign	190		239		161
	$	208	$	241	$	161
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal	$	46	$	46	$	38
State and foreign	(11)		(344)		—
	35		(298)		38
Total	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:


	2022		2021		2020
U.S. statutory rate at 21%	$	222	$	(88)	$	152
Tax on foreign income	(25)		(29)		27
Valuation allowance changes	33		26		(11)
State taxes	(2)		9		5
U.S. taxes on foreign income, net of credits	1		13		14
Tax contingencies	7		8		1
Tax law changes	2		(8)		4
Other items, net	5		12		7
Income tax provision / (benefit)	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

The Company benefits from certain incentives in Brazil which allow it to pay reduced income taxes. The incentives expire at various dates beginning in December 2025. These incentives increased net income attributable to the Company by $21 in 2022 and 2021 and $17 in 2020.

The Company paid taxes of $223, $253 and $189 in 2022, 2021 and 2020.

In 2022, taxes on foreign income includes income tax charges of $11 for the sale of the Company's Transit Packaging segment's Kiwiplan business in 2022.

During the year-ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $21 for goodwill amortization and net operating loss carryforwards in Switzerland. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be utilized prior to their expiration and has recorded a full valuation allowance.

On July 8, 2022, Pennsylvania enacted a corporate net income tax rate reduction over a nine year period. The income tax rate for the 2022 and 2023 tax years are 9.99% and 8.99%, respectively. Starting with the 2024 tax year, the income tax rate is reduced by 0.50% annually until it reaches 4.99% for the 2031 tax year. The remeasurement of the Company's deferred taxes had a $78 impact on the Company's state net operating loss carryforward and corresponding valuation allowance.

In 2021, tax on foreign income includes income tax charges of $42 in continuing operations for reorganizations and other transactions required to prepare the European Tinplate business for sale. Additionally, the Company recorded an income tax charge of $44 to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets related to tax loss carryforwards in France. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that these tax loss carryforwards will not be utilized after the sale of the European Tinplate business.

In 2021, the Company also recorded a tax benefit of $18 related to a deferred tax valuation allowance release resulting from improved profitability in a Transit Packaging corporate entity. Additionally, the Company also recorded income tax benefits related to tax law changes in India, Turkey and the U.K.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had not provided deferred taxes on approximately $1,700 of earnings in certain non-U.S. subsidiaries because such earnings are indefinitely reinvested in its international operations. Upon distribution of such earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to incremental foreign tax. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of foreign tax that might be payable.

The components of deferred taxes at December 31 were:


	2022				2021
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Tax carryforwards	$	271	$	—	$	346	$	—
Intangible assets	—		298		—		317
Property, plant and equipment	15		225		21		176
Pensions	87		20		105		13
Accruals and other	105		103		96		109
Asbestos	53		—		56		—
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	25		—		31		—
Lease liabilities	32		—		29		—
Right of use assets	—		30		—		28
Valuation allowances	(173)		—		(227)		—
Total	$	415	$	676	$	457	$	643

Tax carryforwards expire as follows:


Year	Amount
2023	$	6
2024	6
2025	16
2026	17
2027	10
Thereafter	92
Unlimited	124

Tax carryforwards expiring after 2027 include $54 of U.S. state tax loss carryforwards. The unlimited category includes $33 of Luxembourg tax loss carryforwards and $68 of French tax loss carryforwards.

Realization of any portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent upon the availability of taxable income in the relevant jurisdictions. The Company considers all sources of taxable income, including (i) taxable income in any available carryback period, (ii) the reversal of taxable temporary differences, (iii) tax-planning strategies, and (iv) taxable income expected to be generated in the future other than from reversing temporary differences. The Company also considers whether there have been cumulative losses in recent years. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company’s valuation allowances at December 31, 2022 include $84 primarily related to the portion of U.S. state tax loss carryforwards that the Company does not believe are more likely than not to be utilized prior to their expiration. The Company’s ability to utilize state tax loss carryforwards is impacted by several factors including taxable income, expiration

dates, limitations imposed by certain states on the amount of loss carryforwards that can be used in a given year to offset taxable income and whether the state permits the Company to file a combined return.

Management’s estimate of the appropriate valuation allowance in any jurisdiction involves a number of assumptions and judgments, including the amount and timing of future taxable income. Should future results differ from management’s estimates, it is possible there could be future adjustments to the valuation allowances that would result in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the period such changes in estimates are made.

A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Balance at January 1	$	48	$	42	$	39
Additions for prior year tax positions	7		9		1

Lapse of statute of limitations	(1)		(1)		—
Settlements	(6)		—		—
Foreign currency translation	(2)		(2)		2
Balance at December 31	$	46	$	48	$	42

The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits include potential liabilities related to transfer pricing, foreign withholding taxes, and non-deductibility of expenses.

The total interest and penalties recorded in income tax expense was less than $1 in 2022, 2021 and 2020. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized tax benefits of $46, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate.

The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to increase over the next twelve months and are expected to decrease as open tax years lapse or claims are settled. The Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible changes in its unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months as it is unable to predict when, or if, the tax authorities will commence their audits, the time needed for the audits, and the audit findings that will require settlement with the applicable tax authorities, if any.

The tax years that remained subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of December 31, 2022 were, 2010 and subsequent years for Germany; 2013 and subsequent years for India; 2016 and subsequent years for Italy and the U.K.; 2017 and subsequent years for Mexico; 2018 and subsequent years for Spain, France, Brazil and Canada; and 2019 and subsequent years for the U.S. The U.S. also remains subject to exam for 2017 and 2018, specifically as it relates to the transition tax incurred related to the 2017 Tax Act. In addition, tax authorities in certain jurisdictions, including France, Belgium and the U.S., may examine earlier years when tax carryforwards that were generated in those years are subsequently utilized.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

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+ Details

Capital Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Capital Stock

A summary of common share activity for the years ended December 31 follows (in shares):


	2022	2021	2020
Common shares outstanding at January 1	126,131,799	134,801,030	135,577,878
Shares repurchased	(6,574,610)	(9,121,328)	(1,240,328)

Restricted stock issued to employees, net of forfeitures	370,178	435,129	439,700
Shares issued to non-employee directors	17,935	16,968	23,780
Common shares outstanding at December 31	119,945,302	126,131,799	134,801,030

The Company declared and paid dividends of $0.88 per share in 2022. Additionally, on February 23, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.24 per share payable on March 23, 2023, to shareholders of record as of March 9, 2023.

On December 9, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an aggregate amount of $3,000 of Company common stock through the end of 2024. Share repurchases under the Company's program may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, and at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements and other market conditions. The Company uses the par value method of accounting for its stock repurchases. The

excess of the fair value over par value is first charged to paid-in capital, if any, and then to retained earnings. The Company repurchased $722 of its shares during 2022.

The Company is not obligated to acquire any shares of its common stock and the share repurchase program may be suspended or terminated at any time at the Company's discretion. Share repurchases are subject to the terms of the Company's debt agreements, market conditions and other factors.

The Board of Directors has the authority to issue, at any time or from time to time, up to 30 million shares of preferred stock and has authority to fix the designations, number and voting rights, preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions, conversion rights and other special or relative rights, if any, of any class or series of any class of preferred stock that may be desired, provided the shares of any such class or series of preferred stock shall not be entitled to more than one vote per share when voting as a class with holders of the Company's common stock.

Dividends are payable when declared by the Company's Board of Directors and in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Company's debt agreements. While the Company's debt agreements impose restrictions on the Company's ability to pay dividends and repurchase common stock, the debt agreements generally permit dividends and common stock repurchases provided that the Company is in compliance with applicable financial and other covenants and meets certain liquidity requirements.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Crown Holdings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Crown Holdings

The following table provides information about the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.


	Defined benefit plans		Foreign currency translation		Gains and losses on cash flow hedges		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	(1,464)	$	(1,759)	$	30	$	(3,193)

Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	(419)		48		71		(300)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	1,115		553		(73)		1,595
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	696		601		(2)		1,295
Balance at December 31, 2021	(768)		(1,158)		28		(1,898)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	57		(39)		(22)		(4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	25		—		(15)		10
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	82		(39)		(37)		6
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(686)	$	(1,197)	$	(9)	$	(1,892)

See Note N and Note R for further details of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges and defined benefit plans.

During the year-ended December 31, 2021, the Company reclassified $553 of foreign currency translation as a result of the sale of the European Tinplate business.

Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized revenue as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Revenue recognized over time	$	6,937	$	6,097	$	5,032
Revenue recognized at a point in time	6,006		5,297		4,360
Total	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392

See Note Y for further disaggregation of the Company's revenue.

The Company has applied the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of remaining performance obligations as its binding orders typically have a term of one year or less.

Contract assets are typically recognized for work in process related to the Company's three-piece printed products and equipment business. Contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company had net contract assets of $18 and $23 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in prepaid and other current assets. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company satisfied performance obligations related to contract assets at December 31, 2021 related to the Company's equipment business and also recorded new contract assets primarily related to work in process for the equipment business.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s shareholder-approved stock-based incentive compensation plans provide for the granting of awards in the form of stock options, deferred stock, restricted stock or stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). The awards may be subject to the achievement of certain performance goals as determined by the Compensation Committee designated by the Company’s Board of Directors. There have been no awards of SARs. In April 2022, the Company's shareholders approved the 2022 Stock-Based Incentive Plan (the "Plan") which allowed for a total of 2.8 million shares to be issued under future awards. At December 31, 2022, there were 4.6 million authorized shares available for future awards.

Restricted and Deferred Stock

Annually, the Company awards shares of restricted stock to certain senior executives in the form of time-vesting restricted stock and performance-based shares. The time-vesting restricted stock vests ratably over three years.

The performance-based share awards are subject to either a market condition or a performance condition. For awards subject to a market condition, the metric is the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”), which includes share price appreciation and dividends paid, during the three-year term of the award measured against the TSR of a peer group of companies. For awards subject to a performance condition, the metric is the Company's average return on invested capital over the three-year term.

The performance-based shares cliff vest at the end of three years. The number of performance-based shares that will ultimately vest is based on the level of performance achieved, ranging between 0% and 200% of the shares originally awarded, and is settled in shares of common stock. Participants who terminate employment because of disability, death or, subject to Company approval, retirement, receive accelerated vesting of their service condition to the date of termination and, if approved, performance restrictions laps on the original vesting date.

The Company also issues shares of time-vesting restricted stock to U.S. employees and deferred stock to non-U.S. employees which vest ratably over three to five years.

A summary of restricted and deferred stock activity follows:


			Number of shares
Non-vested shares outstanding at January 1, 2022			1,284,206
Awarded:
Time-vesting			190,442
Performance-based			207,212

Released:
Time-vesting			(348,062)
Performance-based			(305,492)

Forfeitures:
Time-vesting			(73,188)
Performance-based			(12,283)
Non-vested shares outstanding at December 31, 2022			942,835

The average grant-date fair value of restricted stock awarded in 2022, 2021 and 2020 follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Time-vesting	$	96.29	$	100.08	$	70.07
Performance-based	111.84		100.99		72.08

The fair values of the performance-based awards that include a market condition were calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model and the following weighted average assumptions:


	2022		2021		2020
Risk-free interest rate	1.0	%	0.2	%	1.6	%
Expected term (years)	3		3		3
Expected stock price volatility	34.8	%	35.5	%	22.0	%

At December 31, 2022, unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding restricted and deferred stock was $42. The weighted average period over which the expense is expected to be recognized is 2.0 years. The aggregate market value of the shares released on the vesting dates was $70 in 2022.

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

The following table summarizes basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS"). Basic EPS excludes all potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income attributable to Crown Holdings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS includes the effect of stock options and restricted stock, when dilutive, as calculated under the treasury stock method.


	2022		2021		2020
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Crown Holdings	727		(507)		424
Net income / (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	—		(53)		155
Net income / (loss) attributable to Crown Holdings	$	727	$	(560)	$	579
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	120.86		130.38		133.53
Add: dilutive stock options and restricted stock	0.52		—		1.03
Diluted	121.38		130.38		134.56

Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations	6.01		(3.89)		3.18
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations	—		(0.41)		1.16
Basic earnings / (loss) per share	$	6.01	$	(4.30)	$	4.34

Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations	5.99		(3.89)		3.15
Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations	—		(0.41)		1.15
Diluted earnings / (loss) per share	$	5.99	$	(4.30)	$	4.30

Contingently issuable shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive	0.7		1.0		0.7

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

The Company’s business is generally organized by product line and geography. The Company has determined that it has the following reportable segments: Americas Beverage, European Beverage, Asia Pacific and Transit Packaging. Other includes the Company's food can, aerosol can and closures businesses in North America, and beverage tooling and equipment operations in the U.S. and U.K.

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on segment income. Segment income, which is not a defined term under GAAP, is defined by the Company as income from operations adjusted to exclude intangibles amortization charges, Restructuring and other, net and the impact of fair value adjustments related to inventory acquired in an acquisition. Segment income should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income data prepared in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to calculations of similarly titled measures by other companies.

The tables below present information about operating segments reported as continuing operations for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


2022			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	5,126	$	7	$	128	$	380	$	742
European Beverage	2,114		89		48		282		144
Asia Pacific	1,615		—		62		51		172
Transit Packaging	2,545		36		41		64		281
Total reportable segments	11,400		132		279		777		$	1,339
Other	1,543		103		18		61

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		1
Total	$	12,943	$	235	$	301	$	839


2021			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	4,441	$	—	$	108	$	508	$	756
European Beverage	1,843		133		51		55		259
Asia Pacific	1,322		—		61		68		182
Transit Packaging	2,530		25		41		58		318
Total reportable segments	10,136		158		261		689		$	1,515
Other	1,258		114		17		58

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		40
Total	$	11,394	$	272	$	282	$	787


2020			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	3,565	$	2	$	93	$	333	$	652
European Beverage	1,473		39		47		72		215
Asia Pacific	1,168		—		56		69		175
Transit Packaging	2,018		13		45		40		254
Total reportable segments	8,224		54		241		514		$	1,296
Other	1,168		100		15		30

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		10
Total	$	9,392	$	154	$	260	$	554

The company does not disclose total assets by segment as it is not provided to the chief operating decision maker.

Intersegment sales primarily include sales of cans, ends and parts and equipment used in the manufacturing process.

Corporate and unallocated items include corporate and administrative costs, technology costs, and unallocated items such as stock-based compensation.

A reconciliation of segment income of reportable segments to income before income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Segment income of reportable segments	$	1,339	$	1,515	$	1,296
Other	240		144		114
Corporate and unallocated items	(136)		(159)		(170)

Restructuring and other	52		28		(30)

Amortization of intangibles	(159)		(165)		(162)
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	(11)		(68)		—
Other pension and postretirement	16		(1,515)		(43)
Interest expense	(284)		(253)		(290)
Interest income	15		9		8
Foreign exchange	(16)		45		2
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	$	1,056	$	(419)	$	725

For the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, intercompany profit of $19, $8 and $9 was eliminated within segment income of other.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, two customers each accounted for 12% and 11%, of the Company's consolidated net sales. For the year ended December 31, 2020 the same two customers accounted for 11% and 10%, of the Company's consolidated net sales. These customers are global beverage companies served by the Company's beverage operations in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

Sales by major product were:


	2022		2021		2020
Metal beverage cans and ends	$	8,096	$	6,982	$	5,716
Transit packaging	2,545		2,530		2,018
Metal food cans and ends	1,099		789		733
Other products	598		580		451
Other metal packaging	605		513		474
Consolidated net sales	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392

The following table provides sales and long-lived asset information for the major countries in which the Company operates. Long-lived assets comprises property, plant and equipment.


	Net Sales						Long-Lived Assets
	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021
United States	$	4,740	$	4,182	$	3,586	$	1,557	$	1,259
Mexico	1,080		896		681		464		437
Brazil	1,011		933		706		530		510
Canada	893		782		662		95		97
Vietnam	547		342		270		282		285
United Kingdom	521		412		234		262		96
Other	4,151		3,847		3,253		1,350		1,352
Consolidated total	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392	$	4,540	$	4,036

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES

(In millions)


COLUMN A	COLUMN B	COLUMN C		COLUMN D	COLUMN E	COLUMN F
		Additions
Description	Balance at beginning of period	Charged to costs and expense	Charged to other accounts	Acquisitions	Deductions – write-offs	Balance at end of period

For the year ended December 31, 2022

Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply:

Deferred tax assets	227	(49)	(3)	—	(2)	173

For the year ended December 31, 2021

Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply:

Deferred tax assets	204	38	(3)	—	(12)	227

For the year ended December 31, 2020

Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply:

Deferred tax assets	242	(11)	1	—	(28)	204

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business and Principles of Consolidation

Foreign Currency Translation

Revenue Recognition

Stock-Based Compensation

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted Cash

The Company generally classifies any cash that is legally restricted as to withdrawal or usage as restricted cash.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Inventory Valuation

Inventory Valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost principally determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost method.

Property, Plant And Equipment


Land improvements			25
Buildings and building improvements			25 – 40
Machinery and equipment			3– 18

Goodwill and Intangible Assets


Customer relationships			11 - 18
Trade names			8 - 27
Technology			6 - 8
Long-term supply contracts			15
Patents			8

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

Leases

Taxes on Income

Derivatives and Hedging

Research and Development

Reclassifications

Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications of prior years’ data have been made to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting and Reporting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting and Reporting Pronouncements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Estimated Useful Lives of PP&E


Land improvements			25
Buildings and building improvements			25 – 40
Machinery and equipment			3– 18


	2022		2021
Buildings and improvements	$	1,422	$	1,226
Machinery and equipment	5,576		5,372
Land and improvements	213		208
Construction in progress	844		612

	8,055		7,418
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,515)		(3,382)
	$	4,540	$	4,036

Capitalized interest related to construction in progress was $28 and $22 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Schedule of Gross Carrying Amounts and Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets


Customer relationships			11 - 18
Trade names			8 - 27
Technology			6 - 8
Long-term supply contracts			15
Patents			8

Gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of finite-lived intangible assets by major class were as follows:


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net		Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net
Customer relationships	$	1,356	$	(542)	$	814	$	1,363	$	(443)	$	920
Trade names	530		(106)		424		544		(86)		458
Technology	157		(109)		48		158		(88)		70
Long term supply contracts	146		(76)		70		137		(63)		74
Patents	11		(9)		2		15		(12)		3
	$	2,200	$	(842)	$	1,358	$	2,217	$	(692)	$	1,525

Divestitures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations

Major components of net (loss) / income from discontinued operations were as follows:


For the Years Ended December 31	2021		2020
Net sales	$	1,585	$	2,183
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	1,301		1,823
Depreciation and amortization	16		59
Selling and administrative expense	60		81
Restructuring and other	2		4
Other pension and postretirement	1		2
Interest expense	6		10
Foreign exchange	—		3
Loss on sale of discontinued businesses	101		—
Transaction costs	34		—
Income from discontinued operations before tax	64		201
Provision for income taxes	116		45
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	(52)		156
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		1
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	$	(53)	$	155

The Business had capital expenditures of $29 and $33 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of information related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component.

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+ Details

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:


	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	550	$	531

Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	89		61
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	—		1
Total restricted cash	89		62

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	639	$	593

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:


	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	550	$	531

Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	89		61
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	—		1
Total restricted cash	89		62

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	639	$	593

Receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Receivables


	2022		2021
Accounts receivable	$	1,132	$	1,289
Less: allowance for credit losses	(22)		(20)
Net trade receivables	1,110		1,269
Unbilled receivables	363		325
Miscellaneous receivables	370		295
	$	1,843	$	1,889

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories


	2022		2021
Raw materials and supplies	$	1,352	$	1,094
Work in process	156		120
Finished goods	506		521
	$	2,014	$	1,735

Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:


	Americas Beverage		European Beverage		Transit Packaging		Other		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	839	$	560	$	1,561	$	186	$	3,146
Held for sale reclassification	—		—		(58)		—		(58)
Foreign currency translation	(14)		(25)		(42)		—		(81)

Balance at December 31, 2021	825		535		1,461		186		3,007


Goodwill acquired	—		—		6		—		6
Foreign currency translation	25		(44)		(39)		(4)		(62)

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	850	$	491	$	1,428	$	182	$	2,951

The carrying amount of goodwill at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was net of the following accumulated impairments:


	Americas Beverage		European Beverage		Other		Total

Accumulated impairments	$	29	$	73	$	11	$	113

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
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+ Details

Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Gross Carrying Amounts and Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets


Customer relationships			11 - 18
Trade names			8 - 27
Technology			6 - 8
Long-term supply contracts			15
Patents			8

Gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of finite-lived intangible assets by major class were as follows:


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net		Gross		Accumulated amortization		Net
Customer relationships	$	1,356	$	(542)	$	814	$	1,363	$	(443)	$	920
Trade names	530		(106)		424		544		(86)		458
Technology	157		(109)		48		158		(88)		70
Long term supply contracts	146		(76)		70		137		(63)		74
Patents	11		(9)		2		15		(12)		3
	$	2,200	$	(842)	$	1,358	$	2,217	$	(692)	$	1,525

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment


Land improvements			25
Buildings and building improvements			25 – 40
Machinery and equipment			3– 18


	2022		2021
Buildings and improvements	$	1,422	$	1,226
Machinery and equipment	5,576		5,372
Land and improvements	213		208
Construction in progress	844		612

	8,055		7,418
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,515)		(3,382)
	$	4,540	$	4,036

Capitalized interest related to construction in progress was $28 and $22 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Cost

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease costs:
Operating lease cost	$	58	$	48	$	39

Short-term lease cost	2		3		5
Total operating lease costs	$	60	$	51	$	44

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1	$	1	$	1

Total finance lease costs	$	1	$	1	$	1

Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	53	$	51	$	44

Financing cash flows from finance leases	1		2		3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	87	$	73	$	42

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to finance leases was as follows:


	2022		2021







Finance leases:
Property, plant and equipment	$	26	$	26
Accumulated depreciation	(3)		(2)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	23	$	24

Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	2
Other non-current liabilities	5		8
Total finance lease liabilities	$	7	$	10

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Schedule

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rates for each year were as follows:


	2022		2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	10.3		10.8
Finance leases	5.2		5.7
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	4.2	%	4.3	%
Finance leases	2.9	%	3.2	%

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	46	$	2
2024	37		2
2025	32		2
2026	26		1
2027	21		1
Thereafter	129		—
Total lease payments	291		8
Less imputed interest	(63)		(1)
	$	228	$	7

At December 31, 2022, the Company did not have material lease commitments that had not commenced

Maturities of Finance Lease Liabilities

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	46	$	2
2024	37		2
2025	32		2
2026	26		1
2027	21		1
Thereafter	129		—
Total lease payments	291		8
Less imputed interest	(63)		(1)
	$	228	$	7

At December 31, 2022, the Company did not have material lease commitments that had not commenced.

Other Non-Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Components of Other Non-Current Assets


	2022		2021
Pension assets	$	88	$	158
Deferred taxes	113		150
Investments	158		161
Fair value of derivatives	91		51
Other	122		84
	$	572	$	604

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities


	2022		2021
Salaries and employee benefits	$	138	$	169
Accrued taxes, other than on income	102		104
Income taxes	87		101
Accrued interest	52		47
Fair value of derivatives	35		32
Asbestos liabilities	25		25
Pension and postretirement liabilities	20		25
Restructuring	20		4

Other	451		459
	$	930	$	966

Restructuring and Other (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Charges by Segment and Type

The Company recorded restructuring and other items as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Asset sales and impairments	$	(106)	$	(20)	$	2
Restructuring	35		29		19
Other costs / (income)	14		(42)		9
Asbestos	5		5		—
	$	(52)	$	(28)	$	30

Restructuring charges by segment were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020

European Beverage	$	—	$	3	$	—
Asia Pacific	—		1		1
Transit Packaging	35		19		19
Other	—		3		(1)
Corporate	—		3		—
	$	35	$	29	$	19

Restructuring charges by type were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Termination benefits	$	29	$	10	$	8
Other exit costs	6		19		11


	$	35	$	29	$	19

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Outstanding Debt


	2022				2021
	Principal		Carrying		Principal		Carrying
	outstanding		amount		outstanding		amount
Short-term debt	$	76	$	76	$	75	$	75

Long-term debt
Senior secured borrowings:
Revolving credit facilities	329		329		50		50
Term loan facilities
U.S. dollar due 2027	1,800		1,792		—		—
U.S. dollar due 2024	—		—		1,002		997

Euro due 20271	578		578		—		—
Euro due 20242	—		—		344		344

Senior notes and debentures:

€335 at 2.25% due 2023	—		—		381		380
€550 at 0.75% due 2023	—		—		626		624
€600 at 2.625% due 2024	642		640		683		680
€600 at 3.375% due 2025	642		640		683		679
U.S. dollar at 4.25% due 2026	400		397		400		396
U.S. dollar at 4.75% due 2026	875		869		875		867
U.S. dollar at 7.375% due 2026	350		348		350		348
€500 at 2.875% due 2026	536		532		570		565
U.S. dollar at 5.25% due 2030	500		494		—		—
U.S. dollar at 7.50% due 2096	40		40		40		40
Other indebtedness in various currencies:
Fixed rate with rates in 2022 from 2.7% to 14.4% due through 2027	221		221		189		189
Variable rate with an average rate in 2022 of 1.5% due 2026	21		21		28		28

Total long-term debt	6,934		6,901		6,221		6,187
Less: current maturities	(109)		(109)		(136)		(135)
Total long-term debt, less current maturities	$	6,825	$	6,792	$	6,085	$	6,052

(1) €540 at December 31, 2022

(2) €303 at December 31, 2021

Schedule of Weighted Average Interest Rates

The weighted average interest rates were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Short-term debt	3.8	%	0.6	%	2.1	%
Revolving credit facilities	2.5	%	1.2	%	1.8	%

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Impact on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Earnings from Changes in Fair Value


	Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI

Derivatives in cash flow hedges		2022		2021

Foreign exchange		$	(1)	$	(5)
Interest rate		—		2
Commodities		(27)		74
		$	(28)	$	71


	Amount of gain / (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income

Derivatives in cash flow hedges		2022		2021		Affected line item in the Statements of Operations

Foreign exchange		$	(7)	$	(4)	Net sales
Commodities		(6)		(54)		Net sales
Foreign exchange		3		2		Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization
Commodities		29		147		Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization
		19		91		Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates
		(4)		(23)		Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes
		15		68		Net income / (loss) from continuing operations

Commodities		—		5		Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations
Total reclassified		$	15	$	73	Net income / (loss)

Impact on Earnings from Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

The following table sets forth the impact on earnings from derivatives not designated as hedges.


	Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings

Derivatives not designated as hedges		2022		2021		Affected line item in the Statements of Operations
Foreign exchange		$	(2)	$	(3)	Net sales
Foreign exchange		7		(1)		Cost of products sold

Foreign exchange		(14)		(29)		Foreign exchange

		$	(9)	$	(33)

Schedule of Impact on Other Comprehensive Income from Changes in Fair Value


	Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges	2022		2021
Foreign exchange	$	32	$	47

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities on Recurring Basis


	Balance Sheet classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Balance Sheet classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts cash flow	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3	$	3	Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	10

	Other non-current assets	1		—		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts fair value	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4		1		Accrued liabilities	4		2

Commodities contracts cash flow	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	11		53		Accrued liabilities	27		17

	Other non-current assets	—		2		Other non-current liabilities	—		1


Net investment hedge	Other non-current assets	90		49		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
		$	109	$	108		$	33	$	30
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments


Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	8	$	3	Accrued liabilities	$	2	$	3







Total derivatives		$	117	$	111		$	35	$	33

Fair Value Hedge Carrying Amounts


	Carrying amount of the hedged assets and liabilities
Line item in the Balance Sheet in which the hedged item is included	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021

Cash and cash equivalents	22	38
Receivables, net	16	21
Accrued liabilities	111	116

Offsetting Assets

In the table below, the aggregate fair values of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are presented on both a gross and net basis, where appropriate.


	Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet		Net amount
Balance at December 31, 2022
Derivative assets	$	117	$	13	$	104
Derivative liabilities	35		13		22

Balance at December 31, 2021
Derivative assets	$	111	$	19	$	92
Derivative liabilities	33		19		14

Offsetting Liabilities

In the table below, the aggregate fair values of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are presented on both a gross and net basis, where appropriate.


	Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet		Net amount
Balance at December 31, 2022
Derivative assets	$	117	$	13	$	104
Derivative liabilities	35		13		22

Balance at December 31, 2021
Derivative assets	$	111	$	19	$	92
Derivative liabilities	33		19		14

Notional Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The aggregate U.S. dollar-equivalent notional values of outstanding derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange	$	287	$	241
Commodities	230		261

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Foreign exchange	201		229
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange	875		875
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign exchange	512		617

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of pertinent information about a derivative or group of derivatives on a disaggregated basis, such as for individual instruments, or small groups of similar instruments. May include a combination of the type of instrument, risks being hedged, notional amount, hedge designation, related hedged item, inception date, maturity date, or other relevant item.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=SL5624163-113959

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=SL5580258-113959

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=d3e41620-113959

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=SL5579245-113959

Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
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-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=d3e41638-113959

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=d3e41678-113959

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=d3e41641-113959

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=SL5624171-113959

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
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-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=125515794&loc=SL5579240-113959

+ Details

Asbestos-Related Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Liability for Asbestos and Environmental Claims [Abstract]

Summary of Claims Activity

The Company's approximate claims activity for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:


	2022	2021	2020
Beginning claims	57,000	56,000	56,000
New claims	1,500	2,000	1,500
Settlements or dismissals	(1,000)	(1,000)	(1,500)
Ending claims	57,500	57,000	56,000

Summary of Outstanding Asbestos Claims by Year of Exposure and State Filed


	2022	2021
Claimants alleging first exposure after 1964	17,000	17,000
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 filed in:
Texas	13,000	13,000
Pennsylvania	1,500	1,500
Other states that have enacted asbestos legislation	6,000	6,000
Other states	20,000	19,500
Total claims outstanding	57,500	57,000

Summary of Percentage of Outstanding Claims Related to Claimants Alleging Serious Diseases

As of December 31, the percentage of outstanding claims related to claimants alleging serious diseases (primarily mesothelioma and other malignancies) were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Total claims	24	%	24	%	23	%
Pre-1965 claims in states without asbestos legislation	43	%	42	%	41	%

Other Non-Current Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Non-Current Liabilities


	2022		2021
Deferred taxes	$	374	$	336
Asbestos liabilities	195		212
Income taxes payable	30		26

Postemployment benefits	20		21
Environmental	12		12
Finance lease liabilities	5		8
Other	76		81
	$	712	$	696

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components of Pension Expense and Benefits Cost

The components of pension expense were as follows:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	19	$	20	$	18
Interest cost	31		25		38
Expected return on plan assets	(75)		(63)		(73)
Settlements	—		—		3
Curtailments and special termination benefits	1		9		—
Amortization of actuarial loss	44		58		56
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		1
Net periodic cost	$	21	$	50	$	43


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	9	$	13	$	10
Interest cost	13		32		52
Expected return on plan assets	(22)		(72)		(107)
Settlements	—		1,511		63

Amortization of actuarial loss	5		33		27
Amortization of prior service credit	(1)		—		—
Net periodic cost	$	4	$	1,517	$	45

The components of net postretirement benefits cost were as follows:


Other Postretirement Benefits	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	1	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	4		4		5
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)		(26)		(26)
Amortization of actuarial loss	2		4		4
Net periodic benefit credit	$	(13)	$	(17)	$	(16)

Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status

The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the Company's U.S. and non-U.S. plans were as follows:


	U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at January 1	$	1,413	$	1,505	$	513	$	3,172
Service cost	19		20		9		13
Interest cost	31		25		13		32
Plan participants’ contributions	—		—		2		2
Amendments	1		2		—		(3)
Settlements	(9)		—		(9)		(2,982)
Curtailments	(2)		(10)		—		(7)
Special termination benefits	—		6		—		—
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(266)		(43)		(95)		444
Benefits paid	(93)		(92)		(30)		(165)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(16)		7
Benefit obligations at December 31	$	1,094	$	1,413	$	387	$	513
Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1	$	1,177	$	1,152	$	529	$	3,518
Actual return on plan assets	(199)		115		(22)		(94)
Employer contributions	10		2		(63)		234
Plan participants’ contributions	—		—		2		2
Settlements	(9)		—		(7)		(2,982)
Benefits paid	(93)		(92)		(31)		(165)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(27)		16
Fair value of plan assets at December 31	$	886	$	1,177	$	381	$	529

Funded status	$	(208)	$	(236)	$	(6)	$	16

Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31	$	1,055	$	1,361	$	361	$	474

Information for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets

U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations and projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	1,094	$	1,413
Accumulated benefit obligations	1,055		1,361
Fair value of plan assets	886		1,177

Non-U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	224	$	284
Accumulated benefit obligations	204		253
Fair value of plan assets	134		147

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets

Non-U.S. pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:


	2022		2021
Projected benefit obligations	$	224	$	288
Accumulated benefit obligations	204		257
Fair value of plan assets	135		151

Schedule of Ranges for Asset Allocation and Summary of Defined Benefit Plan Assets and Accrued Income

The strategic ranges for asset allocation in the U.S. plans are as follows:


U.S. equities	45	%	to	55	%
International equities	7.5	%	to	12.5	%
Fixed income	15	%	to	25	%
Balanced funds	7.5	%	to	12.5	%
Real estate	7.5	%	to	12.5	%

The levels assigned to the defined benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized in the tables below:


	2022
	U.S. plan assets		Non-U.S. plan assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35	$	19	$	54
Global large cap equity	—		11		11
U.S. large cap equity	152		2		154

U.S. mid/small cap equity	246		19		265
Mutual funds – global equity	64		—		64
Mutual funds – U.S. equity	52		—		52
Mutual funds – fixed income	54		—		54
	603		51		654
Level 2
Government issued debt securities	—		18		18
Corporate debt securities	42		2		44
Insurance contracts	—		94		94
Investment funds – fixed income	—		1		1

	42		115		157
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate	135		68		203
Private equity	4		1		5
Real estate – direct	28		16		44
	167		85		252

Total assets in fair value hierarchy	812		251		1,063

Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income	68		19		87
Investment funds – global equity	—		108		108
Investment funds – emerging markets	5		—		5
Investment funds – real estate	—		3		3
	73		130		203
Total investments at fair value	$	885	$	381	$	1,266


	2021
	U.S. plan assets		Non-U.S. plan assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68	$	21	$	89
Global large cap equity	—		8		8
U.S. large cap equity	238		6		244

U.S. mid/small cap equity	332		25		357
Mutual funds – global equity	93		—		93
Mutual funds – U.S. equity	85		—		85
Mutual funds – fixed income	71		—		71
	887		60		947
Level 2
Government issued debt securities	—		17		17
Corporate debt securities	61		3		64


Insurance contracts	—		110		110

Investment funds – fixed income	—		38		38

	61		168		229
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate	79		92		171

Private equity	5		2		7
Real estate – direct	25		15		40
	109		109		218

Total assets in fair value hierarchy	1,057		337		1,394

Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income	112		25		137
Investment funds – global equity	—		167		167
Investment funds – emerging markets	7		—		7


	119		192		311
Total investments at fair value	$	1,176	$	529	$	1,705

(a) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued income excluded from the tables above was as follows:


	2022		2021
U.S. plan assets	$	1	$	1
Non-U.S. plan assets	—		—

Reconciliation of Plan Assets Using Level 3

The following tables reconcile the beginning and ending balances of plan assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).


	Hedge funds		Private equity		Real estate		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	2	$	51	$	307	$	360
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(1)		(1)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	(1)		(48)		30		(19)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	1		39		3		43
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	(2)		(35)		(128)		(165)

Balance at December 31, 2021	—		7		211		218
Foreign currency translation	—		—		(9)		(9)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	—		(2)		(9)		(11)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	—		1		9		10
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	—		(1)		45		44

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—	$	5	$	247	$	252

Additional Information About Pension Plan Assets Valued Using Net Asset Value

The following table presents additional information about the pension plan assets valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:


	Fair Value		Redemption Frequency	Redemption Notice Period
Balance at December 31, 2022
Investment funds – fixed income	$	87	Semi-monthly	1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity	108		Daily	10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets	5		Daily	30 days
Investment funds – real estate	3		Daily	10 days

Balance at December 31, 2021
Investment funds – fixed income	$	137	Semi-monthly	1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity	167		Daily	10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets	7		Daily	30 days

Schedule of Pension Assets and Liabilities

Pension assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were:


	2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	88	$	158
Current liabilities	8		11
Non-current liabilities	294		367

Schedule of Changes in Net (Gain)/ Loss and Prior Service Cost/(Credit)

Changes in the net loss and prior service cost (credit) for the Company’s pension plans were:


	2022				2021				2020
	Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service
Balance at January 1	$	814	$	2	$	1,802	$	8	$	1,808	$	8
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(49)		(1)		(1,629)		(4)		(150)		(1)
Current year loss / (gain)	(45)		(1)		640		(2)		118		—
Amendments	—		—		(1)		—		—		1
Foreign currency translation	(8)		—		2		—		26		—
Balance at December 31	$	712	$	—	$	814	$	2	$	1,802	$	8

Changes in the net (gain)/ loss and prior service credit for the Company’s postretirement benefit plans were:


	2022				2021				2020
	Net (gain) / loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service		Net loss		Prior service
Balance at January 1	$	21	$	(20)	$	45	$	(46)	$	42	$	(72)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(2)		20		(4)		26		(4)		26
Current year (gain) / loss	(22)		—		(20)		—		7		—

Foreign currency translation	1		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	(2)	$	—	$	21	$	(20)	$	45	$	(46)

Schedule of Expected Future Benefit Payments

Expected future benefit payments as of December 31, 2022 are:


	U.S. plans		Non-U.S. plans
2023	$	91	$	30
2024	101		29
2025	99		31
2026	85		31
2027	106		30
2028 - 2032	389		156

Expected future benefit payments are as follows:


	Benefit Payments
2023	$	13
2024	11
2025	11
2026	10
2027	10
2028 - 2032	42

Schedule of Benefit Obligations Weighted Average Actuarial Assumptions

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligations at December 31 were:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate	5.2	%	2.9	%	2.5	%
Compensation increase	5.0	%	4.7	%	4.7	%


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate	4.9	%	2.5	%	1.4	%
Compensation increase	2.7	%	2.5	%	3.0	%

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension expense for each year were:


U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate - service cost	3.3	%	3.1	%	3.6	%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.2	%	1.7	%	2.8	%
Compensation increase	4.7	%	4.7	%	4.7	%
Long-term rate of return	6.6	%	5.7	%	6.8	%


Non-U.S. Plans	2022		2021		2020
Discount rate - service cost	2.9	%	2.2	%	2.6	%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.6	%	1.8	%	1.9	%
Compensation increase	2.7	%	2.5	%	3.0	%
Long-term rate of return	4.3	%	3.3	%	3.3	%

Weighted average discount rates used to calculate the benefit obligations at the end of each year and the cost for each year are presented below:


	2022		2021		2020
Benefit obligations	5.8	%	3.4	%	2.8	%
Service cost	7.8	%	5.9	%	4.1	%
Interest cost	5.7	%	3.6	%	3.3	%

Schedule of Changes in Benefit Obligations

Changes in the benefit obligations were:


	2022		2021
Benefit obligations at January 1	$	137	$	163
Service cost	1		1
Interest cost	4		4
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(22)		(20)


Benefits paid	(11)		(10)
Foreign currency translation	(1)		(1)
Benefit obligations at December 31	$	108	$	137

Schedule of Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates

The assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31, 2022 were as follows:


Health care cost trend rate assumed for 2022	4.6	%
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to	4.1	%
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain	2033

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Before Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes were as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	295	$	143	$	97
Foreign	761		(562)		628
	$	1,056	$	(419)	$	725

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:


	2022		2021		2020
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$	18	$	2	$	—
State and foreign	190		239		161
	$	208	$	241	$	161
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal	$	46	$	46	$	38
State and foreign	(11)		(344)		—
	35		(298)		38
Total	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

Schedule of U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pre-tax Income

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:


	2022		2021		2020
U.S. statutory rate at 21%	$	222	$	(88)	$	152
Tax on foreign income	(25)		(29)		27
Valuation allowance changes	33		26		(11)
State taxes	(2)		9		5
U.S. taxes on foreign income, net of credits	1		13		14
Tax contingencies	7		8		1
Tax law changes	2		(8)		4
Other items, net	5		12		7
Income tax provision / (benefit)	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

Components of Deferred Taxes

The components of deferred taxes at December 31 were:


	2022				2021
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Tax carryforwards	$	271	$	—	$	346	$	—
Intangible assets	—		298		—		317
Property, plant and equipment	15		225		21		176
Pensions	87		20		105		13
Accruals and other	105		103		96		109
Asbestos	53		—		56		—
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	25		—		31		—
Lease liabilities	32		—		29		—
Right of use assets	—		30		—		28
Valuation allowances	(173)		—		(227)		—
Total	$	415	$	676	$	457	$	643

Schedule of Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expiration

Tax carryforwards expire as follows:


Year	Amount
2023	$	6
2024	6
2025	16
2026	17
2027	10
Thereafter	92
Unlimited	124

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Balance at January 1	$	48	$	42	$	39
Additions for prior year tax positions	7		9		1

Lapse of statute of limitations	(1)		(1)		—
Settlements	(6)		—		—
Foreign currency translation	(2)		(2)		2
Balance at December 31	$	46	$	48	$	42

Capital Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Common Share Activity

A summary of common share activity for the years ended December 31 follows (in shares):


	2022	2021	2020
Common shares outstanding at January 1	126,131,799	134,801,030	135,577,878
Shares repurchased	(6,574,610)	(9,121,328)	(1,240,328)

Restricted stock issued to employees, net of forfeitures	370,178	435,129	439,700
Shares issued to non-employee directors	17,935	16,968	23,780
Common shares outstanding at December 31	119,945,302	126,131,799	134,801,030

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Crown Holdings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table provides information about the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.


	Defined benefit plans		Foreign currency translation		Gains and losses on cash flow hedges		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	(1,464)	$	(1,759)	$	30	$	(3,193)

Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	(419)		48		71		(300)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	1,115		553		(73)		1,595
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	696		601		(2)		1,295
Balance at December 31, 2021	(768)		(1,158)		28		(1,898)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	57		(39)		(22)		(4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	25		—		(15)		10
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	82		(39)		(37)		6
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(686)	$	(1,197)	$	(9)	$	(1,892)

Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized revenue as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Revenue recognized over time	$	6,937	$	6,097	$	5,032
Revenue recognized at a point in time	6,006		5,297		4,360
Total	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Restricted and Deferred Stock Activity

A summary of restricted and deferred stock activity follows:


			Number of shares
Non-vested shares outstanding at January 1, 2022			1,284,206
Awarded:
Time-vesting			190,442
Performance-based			207,212

Released:
Time-vesting			(348,062)
Performance-based			(305,492)

Forfeitures:
Time-vesting			(73,188)
Performance-based			(12,283)
Non-vested shares outstanding at December 31, 2022			942,835

Summary of Average Grant-Date Fair Value of Restricted Stock

The average grant-date fair value of restricted stock awarded in 2022, 2021 and 2020 follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Time-vesting	$	96.29	$	100.08	$	70.07
Performance-based	111.84		100.99		72.08

Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions on Performance-Based Shares

The fair values of the performance-based awards that include a market condition were calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model and the following weighted average assumptions:


	2022		2021		2020
Risk-free interest rate	1.0	%	0.2	%	1.6	%
Expected term (years)	3		3		3
Expected stock price volatility	34.8	%	35.5	%	22.0	%

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share


	2022		2021		2020
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Crown Holdings	727		(507)		424
Net income / (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	—		(53)		155
Net income / (loss) attributable to Crown Holdings	$	727	$	(560)	$	579
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	120.86		130.38		133.53
Add: dilutive stock options and restricted stock	0.52		—		1.03
Diluted	121.38		130.38		134.56

Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations	6.01		(3.89)		3.18
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations	—		(0.41)		1.16
Basic earnings / (loss) per share	$	6.01	$	(4.30)	$	4.34

Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations	5.99		(3.89)		3.15
Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations	—		(0.41)		1.15
Diluted earnings / (loss) per share	$	5.99	$	(4.30)	$	4.30

Contingently issuable shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive	0.7		1.0		0.7

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Information on Operating Segments

The tables below present information about operating segments reported as continuing operations for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


2022			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	5,126	$	7	$	128	$	380	$	742
European Beverage	2,114		89		48		282		144
Asia Pacific	1,615		—		62		51		172
Transit Packaging	2,545		36		41		64		281
Total reportable segments	11,400		132		279		777		$	1,339
Other	1,543		103		18		61

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		1
Total	$	12,943	$	235	$	301	$	839


2021			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	4,441	$	—	$	108	$	508	$	756
European Beverage	1,843		133		51		55		259
Asia Pacific	1,322		—		61		68		182
Transit Packaging	2,530		25		41		58		318
Total reportable segments	10,136		158		261		689		$	1,515
Other	1,258		114		17		58

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		40
Total	$	11,394	$	272	$	282	$	787


2020			Inter-
	External		segment				Capital		Segment
	sales		sales		Depreciation		expenditures		income
Americas Beverage	$	3,565	$	2	$	93	$	333	$	652
European Beverage	1,473		39		47		72		215
Asia Pacific	1,168		—		56		69		175
Transit Packaging	2,018		13		45		40		254
Total reportable segments	8,224		54		241		514		$	1,296
Other	1,168		100		15		30

Corporate and unallocated items	—		—		4		10
Total	$	9,392	$	154	$	260	$	554

Reconciliation of Segment Income

A reconciliation of segment income of reportable segments to income before income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Segment income of reportable segments	$	1,339	$	1,515	$	1,296
Other	240		144		114
Corporate and unallocated items	(136)		(159)		(170)

Restructuring and other	52		28		(30)

Amortization of intangibles	(159)		(165)		(162)
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	(11)		(68)		—
Other pension and postretirement	16		(1,515)		(43)
Interest expense	(284)		(253)		(290)
Interest income	15		9		8
Foreign exchange	(16)		45		2
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	$	1,056	$	(419)	$	725

Summary of Sales by Major Product

Sales by major product were:


	2022		2021		2020
Metal beverage cans and ends	$	8,096	$	6,982	$	5,716
Transit packaging	2,545		2,530		2,018
Metal food cans and ends	1,099		789		733
Other products	598		580		451
Other metal packaging	605		513		474
Consolidated net sales	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392

Summary of Sales and Long-Lived Assets for the Major Countries

The following table provides sales and long-lived asset information for the major countries in which the Company operates. Long-lived assets comprises property, plant and equipment.


	Net Sales						Long-Lived Assets
	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021
United States	$	4,740	$	4,182	$	3,586	$	1,557	$	1,259
Mexico	1,080		896		681		464		437
Brazil	1,011		933		706		530		510
Canada	893		782		662		95		97
Vietnam	547		342		270		282		285
United Kingdom	521		412		234		262		96
Other	4,151		3,847		3,253		1,350		1,352
Consolidated total	$	12,943	$	11,394	$	9,392	$	4,540	$	4,036

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)	25 years
Buildings and building improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)	25 years
Buildings and building improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)	40 years
Machinery and equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)	3 years
Machinery and equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)	18 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Long term supply contracts
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	15 years
Patents
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	8 years
Minimum \| Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	11 years
Minimum \| Trade names
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	8 years
Minimum \| Technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	6 years
Maximum \| Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	18 years
Maximum \| Trade names
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	27 years
Maximum \| Technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life (in years)	8 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Research and Development (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Research, development and engineering costs	$ 34	$ 47	$ 48

Divestitures - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions, € in Billions			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2021 EUR (€)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash				$ 182	$ 2,255	$ 0
Income (loss) from equity in earnings of affiliates				42	3	6
Pre-tax gain from disposal of business				0	(101)	$ 0
Discontinued Operation, Gain (Loss) on Disposal, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Restructuring and other, net
European Tinplate
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income (loss) from equity in earnings of affiliates				34	$ (8)
Proceeds from dividend payment				$ 26
European Tinplate
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment charge on assets held for sale	$ 101
Income tax expense related to sale of business	81
European Tinplate \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash	$ 2,300	€ 1.9
Ownership interest after disposal	20.00%	20.00%
Transit Packaging \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash			$ 180
Pre-tax gain from disposal of business			113
Gain from disposal of business, net of tax			$ 102

Divestitures - Major Components of Net (Loss)/Income from Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	$ 0	$ (52)	$ 156
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	0	1	1
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	0	(53)	155
Capital expenditures	839	787	554
European Tinplate \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net sales	1,585	2,183
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	1,301	1,823
Depreciation and amortization	16	59
Selling and administrative expense	60	81
Restructuring and other	2	4
Other pension and postretirement	1	2
Interest expense	6	10
Foreign exchange	0	3
Loss on sale of discontinued businesses	101	0
Transaction costs	34	0
Income from discontinued operations before tax	64	201
Provision for income taxes	116	45
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	(52)	156
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	1	1
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	$ (53)	155
Capital expenditures		$ 29	$ 33

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 550	$ 531
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	89	61
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	0	1
Total restricted cash	89	62
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 639	$ 593	$ 1,238	$ 663

Receivables - Schedule of Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 1,132	$ 1,289
Less: allowance for credit losses	(22)	(20)
Net trade receivables	1,110	1,269
Unbilled receivables	363	325
Miscellaneous receivables	370	295
Receivables, net	$ 1,843	$ 1,889

Receivables - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Receivables - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Transfer of financial assets accounted for as sales, amount derecognized	$ 1,342	$ 1,011
Expenses related to securitization and factoring facilities	41	$ 13	$ 13
Insurance settlements receivable	23
Tornado Damages, Business Interuption
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Unusual or infrequent item, or both, insurance proceeds	94
Tornado Damages, Property Damage and Incremental Costs
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Unusual or infrequent item, or both, insurance proceeds	$ 22

Inventories (Schedule of Inventories) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials and supplies	$ 1,352	$ 1,094
Work in process	156	120
Finished goods	506	521
Total inventories	$ 2,014	$ 1,735

Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 3,007	$ 3,146
Held for sale reclassification		(58)
Foreign currency translation	(62)	(81)
Goodwill acquired	6
Balance at end of period	2,951	3,007
Accumulated impairments balance	113
Americas Beverage
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	825	839
Held for sale reclassification		0
Foreign currency translation	25	(14)
Goodwill acquired	0
Balance at end of period	850	825
Accumulated impairments balance	29
European Beverage
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	535	560
Held for sale reclassification		0
Foreign currency translation	(44)	(25)
Goodwill acquired	0
Balance at end of period	491	535
Accumulated impairments balance	73
Transit Packaging
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,461	1,561
Held for sale reclassification		(58)
Foreign currency translation	(39)	(42)
Goodwill acquired	6
Balance at end of period	1,428	1,461
Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	186	186
Held for sale reclassification		0
Foreign currency translation	(4)	0
Goodwill acquired	0
Balance at end of period	182	$ 186
Accumulated impairments balance	$ 11

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	$ 2,200	$ 2,217
Accumulated amortization	(842)	(692)
Net	1,358	1,525
Amortization expense	159	165	$ 162
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2023	157
2024	146
2025	141
2026	132
2027	129
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale or Disposed of by Sale \| Transit Packaging
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net		13
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	1,356	1,363
Accumulated amortization	(542)	(443)
Net	814	920
Trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	530	544
Accumulated amortization	(106)	(86)
Net	424	458
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	157	158
Accumulated amortization	(109)	(88)
Net	48	70
Long term supply contracts
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	146	137
Accumulated amortization	(76)	(63)
Net	70	74
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross	11	15
Accumulated amortization	(9)	(12)
Net	$ 2	$ 3

Property, Plant and Equipment - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Buildings and improvements	$ 1,422	$ 1,226
Machinery and equipment	5,576	5,372
Land and improvements	213	208
Construction in progress	844	612
Property, plant and equipment, gross	8,055	7,418
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,515)	(3,382)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 4,540	$ 4,036

Property, Plant, and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Capitalized interest related to construction in progress	$ 28	$ 22

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating lease costs:
Operating lease cost	$ 58	$ 48	$ 39
Short-term lease cost	2	3	5
Total operating lease costs	60	51	44
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	1	1	1
Total finance lease costs	$ 1	$ 1	$ 1

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Variable operating lease costs	$ 4	$ 3	$ 3
Interest on finance lease liabilities	$ 1	$ 1	$ 1

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 53	$ 51	$ 44
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1	2	3
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$ 87	$ 73	$ 42

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finance leases:
Property, plant and equipment	$ 26	$ 26
Accumulated depreciation	(3)	(2)
Property, plant and equipment, net	23	24
Accrued liabilities	2	2
Other non-current liabilities	5	8
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 7	$ 10
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	10 years 3 months 18 days	10 years 9 months 18 days
Finance leases	5 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	4.20%	4.30%
Finance leases	2.90%	3.20%
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued liabilities	Accrued liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other non-current liabilities	Other non-current liabilities

Leases - Operating and Finance Lease Liability Maturity Schedule (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Leases
2023	$ 46
2024	37
2025	32
2026	26
2027	21
Thereafter	129
Total lease payments	291
Less imputed interest	(63)
Total operating lease liabilities	228
Finance Leases
2023	2
2024	2
2025	2
2026	1
2027	1
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	8
Less imputed interest	(1)
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 7	$ 10

Other Non-Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Pension assets	$ 88	$ 158
Deferred taxes	113	150
Investments	158	161
Fair value of derivatives	91	51
Other	122	84
Other non-current assets	$ 572	$ 604

Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Salaries and employee benefits	$ 138	$ 169
Accrued taxes, other than on income	102	104
Income taxes	87	101
Accrued interest	52	47
Fair value of derivatives	$ 35	$ 32
Derivative Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued liabilities	Accrued liabilities
Asbestos liabilities	$ 25	$ 25
Pension and postretirement liabilities	20	25
Restructuring	20	4
Other	451	459
Accrued liabilities	$ 930	$ 966

Restructuring and Other - Schedule of Restructuring and Other Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Asset sales and impairments	$ (106)	$ (20)	$ 2
Restructuring	35	29	19
Other costs / (income)	14	(42)	9
Asbestos	5	5	0
Restructuring and other	$ (52)	$ (28)	$ 30

Restructuring and Other - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Restructuring and Other - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) employee	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain from disposal of business		$ 0	$ (101)	$ 0
Restructuring charges		35	29	19
Other costs / (income)		14	(42)	9
Americas Beverage
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Other costs / (income)			$ 30
Overhead Cost Reduction \| Transit Packaging
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		$ 29
Number of positions to be eliminated \| employee		600
Internal Reorganization and Headcount Reduction \| Transit Packaging
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges				$ 19
Restructuring accrual		$ 20
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale \| Transit Packaging
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Pre-tax gain from disposal of business	$ 113

Restructuring and Other - Charges by Segment and Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	$ 35	$ 29	$ 19
Termination benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	29	10	8
Other exit costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	6	19	11
Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	0	3	(1)
Operating segments \| European Beverage
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	0	3	0
Operating segments \| Asia Pacific
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	0	1	1
Operating segments \| Transit Packaging
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	35	19	19
Corporate
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	$ 0	$ 3	$ 0

Debt - Summary of Outstanding Debt (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2022 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 EUR (€)
Principal outstanding
Short-term debt	$ 76,000,000				$ 75,000,000
Total long-term debt	6,934,000,000				6,221,000,000
Less: current maturities	(109,000,000)				(136,000,000)
Total long-term debt, less current maturities	6,825,000,000				6,085,000,000
Carrying amount
Short-term debt	76,000,000				75,000,000
Total long-term debt	6,901,000,000				6,187,000,000
Less: current maturities	(109,000,000)				(135,000,000)
Total long-term debt, less current maturities	6,792,000,000				6,052,000,000
Line of credit \| Revolving credit facilities
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	329,000,000				50,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	329,000,000				50,000,000
Term loan facilities \| U.S. dollar due 2027
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	1,800,000,000				0
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	1,792,000,000				0
Term loan facilities \| U.S. dollar due 2024
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	0				1,002,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	0				997,000,000
Term loan facilities \| Euro due 2027
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	578,000,000				0
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	578,000,000				0
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 540,000,000
Term loan facilities \| Euro due 2024
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	0				344,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	0				344,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €						€ 303,000,000
Senior notes and debentures \| €335 at 2.25% due 2023
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	0				381,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 0				380,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 335,000,000	€ 335,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	2.25%	2.25%	2.25%
Senior notes and debentures \| €550 at 0.75% due 2023
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 0				626,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 0				624,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 550,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	0.75%	0.75%
Senior notes and debentures \| €600 at 2.625% due 2024
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 642,000,000				683,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 640,000,000				680,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 600,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	2.625%	2.625%
Senior notes and debentures \| €600 at 3.375% due 2025
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 642,000,000				683,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 640,000,000				679,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 600,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	3.375%	3.375%
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 4.25% due 2026
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 400,000,000				400,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 397,000,000				396,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	4.25%	4.25%
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 4.75% due 2026
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 875,000,000				875,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 869,000,000				867,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	4.75%	4.75%
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 7.375% due 2026
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 350,000,000				350,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 348,000,000				348,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	7.375%	7.375%
Senior notes and debentures \| €500 at 2.875% due 2026
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 536,000,000				570,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 532,000,000				565,000,000
Debt instrument, face amount \| €		€ 500,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	2.875%	2.875%
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 5.25% due 2030
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 500,000,000				0
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 494,000,000				0
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 500,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	5.25%	5.25%		5.25%
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 7.50% due 2096
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 40,000,000				40,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 40,000,000				40,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	7.50%	7.50%
Other indebtedness, fixed rate
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 221,000,000				189,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 221,000,000				189,000,000
Other indebtedness, fixed rate \| Minimum
Carrying amount
Debt instrument stated percentage	2.70%	2.70%
Other indebtedness, fixed rate \| Maximum
Carrying amount
Debt instrument stated percentage	14.40%	14.40%
Other indebtedness, variable rate
Principal outstanding
Total long-term debt	$ 21,000,000				28,000,000
Carrying amount
Total long-term debt	$ 21,000,000				$ 28,000,000
Average variable rates	1.50%	1.50%

Debt - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2022 EUR (€)	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 6,922,000,000	$ 6,548,000,000
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	11,000,000	68,000,000	$ 0
Aggregate maturities of long term debt excluding unamortized discounts, year one	109,000,000
Aggregate maturities of long term debt excluding unamortized discounts, year two	852,000,000
Aggregate maturities of long term debt excluding unamortized discounts, year three	779,000,000
Aggregate maturities of long term debt excluding unamortized discounts, year four	2,315,000,000
Aggregate maturities of long term debt excluding unamortized discounts, year five	2,339,000,000
Cash payments for interest	270,000,000	$ 294,000,000	$ 302,000,000
Revolving credit facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	1,650,000,000
Credit facility, available borrowing capacity	1,252,000,000
Outstanding letters of credit	69,000,000
Proceeds from lines of credit	$ 329,000,000
Debt covenant, leverage ratio	5.00			5.00
Revolving credit facilities \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Provisions for letters of credit	$ 310,000,000
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.60%
Revolving credit facilities \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	0.00%
Senior notes and debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	$ 11,000,000
Senior notes and debentures \| U.S. dollar at 5.25% due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount								$ 500,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	5.25%			5.25%				5.25%
Senior notes and debentures \| €335 at 2.25% due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount \| €				€ 335,000,000	€ 335,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	2.25%			2.25%	2.25%
Senior notes and debentures \| €550 at 0.75% due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount \| €				€ 550,000,000
Debt instrument stated percentage	0.75%			0.75%
Line of credit \| Revolving credit facilities \| U.S. Dollar Denominated Commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity						$ 800,000,000
Line of credit \| Revolving credit facilities \| Multicurrency Revolving Commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity						800,000,000
Line of credit \| Revolving credit facilities \| Canadian Dollar Revolving Commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity						50,000,000
Term loan facilities \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.35%
Term loan facilities \| EURIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.25%
Term loan facilities \| Term Loan A Commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount						$ 1,800,000,000
Term loan facilities \| Term Euro Commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount \| €							€ 540,000,000

Debt - Schedule of Weighted Average Interest Rates (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Short-term debt	3.80%	0.60%	2.10%
Revolving credit facilities	2.50%	1.20%	1.80%

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Objectives for using derivative instruments	The Company’s objective in managing exposure to market and interest rate risk is to limit the impact on earnings and cash flow.
Net loss to be reclassified to earnings		$ 13
Loss, net of tax, expected to be reclassified to earnings		11
Reclassification of anticipated transactions that were no longer considered probable	$ 0	0
Foreign exchange
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on foreign exchange contracts designated as fair value hedges	$ (19)	$ 3
Minimum
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Contracts outstanding, maturity	1 month
Maximum
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Contracts outstanding, maturity	24 months

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") and Earnings from Changes in Fair Value Related to Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$ (28)	$ 71
Net sales	12,943	11,394	$ 9,392
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	10,643	9,029	7,359
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	1,056	(419)	725
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	243	(57)	199
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations	855	(359)	532
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	0	(52)	156
Net income / (loss)	855	(411)	$ 688
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	(4)	(23)
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations	15	68
Net income / (loss)	15	73
Foreign exchange
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	(1)	(5)
Foreign exchange \| Net sales \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Net sales	(7)	(4)
Foreign exchange \| Cost of products sold \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	3	2
Interest rate
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	0	2
Commodities
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	(27)	74
Commodities \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	19	91
Net (loss) / income from discontinued operations	0	5
Commodities \| Net sales \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Net sales	(6)	(54)
Commodities \| Cost of products sold \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	$ 29	$ 147

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges Income Statement (Details) - Derivatives not designated as hedges - Net Investment Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings	$ (9)	$ (33)
Foreign exchange \| Net sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings	(2)	(3)
Foreign exchange \| Cost of products sold
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings	7	(1)
Foreign exchange \| Foreign exchange
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Pre-tax amount of gain / (loss) recognized in earnings	$ (14)	$ (29)

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Net Investment Hedge Narrative (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€)
Derivative [Line Items]
Gains (loss) recognized in OCI	$ 32	$ 103
Gain on net investment hedge, net of tax	19	(103)
Carrying amount of hedging investment	576		€ 538
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Derivative [Line Items]
Gains (loss) recognized in OCI	101	69
Gain on net investment hedge, net of tax	$ 111	$ (92)

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Impact on OCI from Changes in Derivative Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI	$ 32	$ 103
Foreign exchange
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain / (loss) recognized in AOCI	$ 32	$ 47

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative assets
Total	$ 117	$ 111
Derivative liabilities
Total	35	33
Level 2
Derivative assets
Total	117	111
Derivative liabilities
Total	35	33
Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other assets \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	109	108
Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current liabilities \| Net investment hedge \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	0	0
Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other liabilities \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	33	30
Derivatives not designated as hedges: \| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	8	3
Derivatives not designated as hedges: \| Accrued liabilities \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	2	3
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	3	3
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets \| Commodities contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	11	53
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current assets \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	1	0
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current assets \| Commodities contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	0	2
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Accrued liabilities \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	2	10
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Accrued liabilities \| Commodities contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	27	17
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current liabilities \| Foreign exchange contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	0	0
Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current liabilities \| Commodities contracts cash flow \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	0	1
Derivatives in fair value hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets \| Foreign exchange contracts fair value \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	4	1
Derivatives in fair value hedges \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Accrued liabilities \| Foreign exchange contracts fair value \| Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	4	2
Net investment hedge \| Derivatives designated as hedges: \| Other non-current assets \| Level 2
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$ 90	$ 49

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative [Line Items]
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying about of the hedged assets	$ 1	$ 1
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying about of the hedged liabilities	1	1
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Cash and cash equivalents \| Derivatives in fair value hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments in hedges, assets	22	38
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Receivables, net \| Derivatives in fair value hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments in hedges, assets	16	21
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Accrued liabilities \| Derivatives in fair value hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Accrued liabilities	$ 111	$ 116

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Schedule of Offsetting Derivative Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative assets
Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet	$ 117	$ 111
Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet	13	19
Net amount	104	92
Derivative liabilities
Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet	35	33
Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet	13	19
Net amount	$ 22	$ 14

Derivative and Other Financial Instruments - Notional Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional values	$ 287	$ 241
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Derivatives in cash flow hedges \| Commodities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional values	230	261
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Derivatives in fair value hedges \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional values	201	229
Derivatives designated as hedges \| Net investment hedge \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional values	875	875
Derivatives not designated as hedges \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional values	$ 512	$ 617

Asbestos-Related Liabilities - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) claim pendingClaim	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) claim	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) claim	Dec. 31, 2019 claim
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Holding period for insulation operations (in days)	90 days
Asbestos payments	$ 21	$ 19	$ 21
Number of inactive claims \| claim	19,000
Percentage of claims that do not specify damages	82.00%
Claims outstanding \| claim	57,500	57,000	56,000	56,000
Accrued asbestos claims and related legal costs	$ 220
Unasserted claims	$ 178
Damage claims less than $5
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Percentage of claims damages specified	15.00%
Damage claims less than $5 \| Maximum
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Damages claims amount	$ 5
Damage claims from $5 to less than $100
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Percentage of claims damages specified	3.00%
Damage claims from $5 to less than $100 \| Maximum
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Damages claims amount	$ 100
Damage claims from $5 to less than $100 \| Minimum
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Damages claims amount	$ 5
Damage claims less than $25
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Percentage of claims damages specified	36.00%
Damage claims less than $25 \| Maximum
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Damages claims amount	$ 25
Damages claims in excess of $100
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Damages claims amount	$ 100
Claims outstanding \| pendingClaim	14

Asbestos-Related Liabilities - Summary of Claims Activity (Details) - claim	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Loss Contingency, Pending Claims [Roll Forward]
Beginning claims	57,000	56,000	56,000
New claims	1,500	2,000	1,500
Settlements or dismissals	(1,000)	(1,000)	(1,500)
Ending claims	57,500	57,000	56,000

Asbestos-Related Liabilities - Summary of Outstanding Claims by Year Of Exposure and State Filed (Details) - claim	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	57,500	57,000	56,000	56,000
Claimants alleging first exposure after 1964
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	17,000	17,000
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 \| Texas
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	13,000	13,000
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 \| Pennsylvania
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	1,500	1,500
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 \| Other states that have enacted asbestos legislation
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	6,000	6,000
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 \| Other states
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims outstanding	20,000	19,500

Asbestos-Related Liabilities - Summary of Percentage of Outstanding Claims Related to Claimants Alleging Serious Diseases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Total claims
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims alleging serious diseases, percentage	24.00%	24.00%	23.00%
Pre-1965 claims in states without asbestos legislation
Causes of Increase (Decrease) in Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Claims alleging serious diseases, percentage	43.00%	42.00%	41.00%

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2017
PRP Site
Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Estimated future remediation costs		$ 12
Non- PRP Sites
Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Estimated future remediation costs		$ 8
Penalty Notification Alleging Misclassification of Importation of Certain Goods into U.S. During 2004-2009 \| U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Initial and subsequent penalty assessed			$ 18
CCK vs. FCO
Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Fine amount	$ 8

Other Non-Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred taxes	$ 374	$ 336
Asbestos liabilities	195	212
Income taxes payable	30	26
Postemployment benefits	20	21
Environmental	12	12
Finance lease liabilities	5	8
Other	76	81
Other non-current liabilities	$ 712	$ 696

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Components of Pension Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]
Service cost	$ 1	$ 1	$ 1
Interest cost	4	4	5
Amortization of actuarial loss	2	4	4
Amortization of prior service cost	(20)	(26)	(26)
Net periodic cost	(13)	(17)	(16)
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]
Service cost	19	20	18
Interest cost	31	25	38
Expected return on plan assets	(75)	(63)	(73)
Settlements	0	0	3
Curtailments and special termination benefits	1	9	0
Amortization of actuarial loss	44	58	56
Amortization of prior service cost	1	1	1
Net periodic cost	21	50	43
Non-U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]
Service cost	9	13	10
Interest cost	13	32	52
Expected return on plan assets	(22)	(72)	(107)
Settlements	0	1,511	63
Amortization of actuarial loss	5	33	27
Amortization of prior service cost	(1)	0	0
Net periodic cost	$ 4	$ 1,517	$ 45

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Narrative (Details) £ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended				24 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2022 GBP (£)
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Employer contributions \| £			£ 196
Expected contributions to be repaid back	$ 153				$ 153		£ 127
Cash contributions repaid	77				122	£ 101
Multiemployer plans, additional expense	5	$ 5		$ 5
Actuarial gain (loss)	46
Amounts of common stock included in plan assets	265	357			265
Total contributions	13	12		$ 13
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Expected contributions	16				$ 16
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Employer contributions	10	2
Actuarial gain (loss)	266	43
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Employer contributions	(63)	234
Actuarial gain (loss)	95	(444)
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Actuarial gain (loss)	$ 22	$ 20

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Projected and Changes in Benefit Obligations (Details) £ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Projected Benefit Obligations
Actuarial (gain) / loss	$ (46)
Plan Assets
Employer contributions \| £			£ 196
Other Postretirement Benefits
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at beginning of period	137	$ 163
Service cost	1	1		$ 1
Interest cost	4	4		5
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(22)	(20)
Benefits paid	(11)	(10)
Foreign currency translation	(1)	(1)
Benefit obligations at end of period	108	137		163
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at beginning of period	1,413	1,505
Service cost	19	20		18
Interest cost	31	25		38
Plan participants’ contributions	0	0
Amendments	1	2
Settlements	(9)	0
Curtailments	(2)	(10)
Special termination benefits	0	6
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(266)	(43)
Benefits paid	(93)	(92)
Foreign currency translation	0	0
Benefit obligations at end of period	1,094	1,413		1,505
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	1,177	1,152
Actual return on plan assets	(199)	115
Employer contributions	10	2
Plan participants’ contributions	0	0
Settlements	(9)	0
Benefits paid	(93)	(92)
Foreign currency translation	0	0
Balance at end of period	886	1,177		1,152
Funded status	(208)	(236)
Accumulated benefit obligations at end of period	1,055	1,361
Non-U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at beginning of period	513	3,172
Service cost	9	13		10
Interest cost	13	32		52
Plan participants’ contributions	2	2
Amendments	0	(3)
Settlements	(9)	(2,982)
Curtailments	0	(7)
Special termination benefits	0	0
Actuarial (gain) / loss	(95)	444
Benefits paid	(30)	(165)
Foreign currency translation	(16)	7
Benefit obligations at end of period	387	513		3,172
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	529	3,518
Actual return on plan assets	(22)	(94)
Employer contributions	(63)	234
Plan participants’ contributions	2	2
Settlements	(7)	(2,982)
Benefits paid	(31)	(165)
Foreign currency translation	(27)	16
Balance at end of period	381	529		$ 3,518
Funded status	(6)	16
Accumulated benefit obligations at end of period	$ 361	$ 474

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Projected benefit obligations	$ 1,094	$ 1,413
Accumulated benefit obligations	1,055	1,361
Fair value of plan assets	886	1,177
Non-U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Projected benefit obligations	224	284
Accumulated benefit obligations	204	253
Fair value of plan assets	$ 134	$ 147

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets (Details) - Foreign Plan - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Projected benefit obligations	$ 224	$ 288
Accumulated benefit obligations	204	257
Fair value of plan assets	$ 135	$ 151

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Summary of Strategic Ranges for Assets Allocation Plan (Details) - Pension Plan - U.S. Plans	Dec. 31, 2022
Minimum \| U.S. equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	45.00%
Minimum \| International equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	7.50%
Minimum \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	15.00%
Minimum \| Balanced funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	7.50%
Minimum \| Real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	7.50%
Maximum \| U.S. equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	55.00%
Maximum \| International equities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	12.50%
Maximum \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	25.00%
Maximum \| Balanced funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	12.50%
Maximum \| Real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations	12.50%

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Reconciliation of Plan Assets Measured by Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	$ 218	$ 360
Foreign currency translation	(9)	(1)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	(11)	(19)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	10	43
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	44	(165)
Balance at end of period	252	218
Pension Plan
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	218
Balance at end of period	252	218
Hedge funds
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	0	2
Foreign currency translation	0	0
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	0	(1)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	0	1
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	0	(2)
Balance at end of period	0	0
Private equity
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	7	51
Foreign currency translation	0	0
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	(2)	(48)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	1	39
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	(1)	(35)
Balance at end of period	5	7
Private equity \| Pension Plan
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	7
Balance at end of period	5	7
Real estate – direct
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	211	307
Foreign currency translation	(9)	(1)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date	(9)	30
Asset returns – assets sold during the period	9	3
Purchases, sales and settlements, net	45	(128)
Balance at end of period	247	211
Real estate – direct \| Pension Plan
Plan Assets
Balance at beginning of period	40
Balance at end of period	$ 44	$ 40

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Additional Information About Pension Plan Assets Valued Using Net Asset Value (Details) - Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 203	$ 311
Investment funds – fixed income
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	87	137
Investment funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 108	$ 167
Redemption Notice Period	10 days	10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 5	$ 7
Redemption Notice Period	30 days	30 days
Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 3
Redemption Notice Period	10 days
Minimum \| Investment funds – fixed income
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Redemption Notice Period	1 day	1 day
Maximum \| Investment funds – fixed income
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Redemption Notice Period	5 days	5 days

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Pension Assets/(Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Non-current assets	$ 88	$ 158
Current liabilities	8	11
Non-current liabilities	$ 294	$ 367

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Changes in Net Loss and Prior Service Cost/(Credit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Pension Plan
Net loss
Balance at beginning of period	$ 814	$ 1,802	$ 1,808
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(49)	(1,629)	(150)
Current year loss / (gain)	(45)	640	118
Amendments	0	(1)	0
Foreign currency translation	(8)	2	26
Balance at end of period	712	814	1,802
Prior service
Balance at beginning of period	2	8	8
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(1)	(4)	(1)
Current year loss / (gain)	(1)	(2)	0
Amendments	0	0	1
Foreign currency translation	0	0	0
Balance at end of period	0	2	8
Other Postretirement Benefits
Net loss
Balance at beginning of period	21	45	42
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	(2)	(4)	(4)
Current year loss / (gain)	(22)	(20)	7
Foreign currency translation	1	0	0
Balance at end of period	(2)	21	45
Prior service
Balance at beginning of period	(20)	(46)	(72)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost	20	26	26
Current year loss / (gain)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation	0	0	0
Balance at end of period	$ 0	$ (20)	$ (46)

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Expected Future Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020 Net Prior Service
2023	$ 13
2024	11
2025	11
2026	10
2027	10
2028 - 2032	42
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020
2023	13
2024	11
2025	11
2026	10
2027	10
2028 - 2032	42
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020 Net Prior Service
2023	91
2024	101
2025	99
2026	85
2027	106
2028 - 2032	389
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020
2023	91
2024	101
2025	99
2026	85
2027	106
2028 - 2032	389
Non-U.S. Plans \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020 Net Prior Service
2023	30
2024	29
2025	31
2026	31
2027	30
2028 - 2032	156
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment 2020
2023	30
2024	29
2025	31
2026	31
2027	30
2028 - 2032	$ 156

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Assumptions Used (Details) - Pension Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Discount rate	5.20%	2.90%	2.50%
Compensation increase	5.00%	4.70%	4.70%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate - service cost	3.30%	3.10%	3.60%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.20%	1.70%	2.80%
Compensation increase	4.70%	4.70%	4.70%
Long-term rate of return	6.60%	5.70%	6.80%
Non-U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Discount rate	4.90%	2.50%	1.40%
Compensation increase	2.70%	2.50%	3.00%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate - service cost	2.90%	2.20%	2.60%
Discount rate - interest cost	2.60%	1.80%	1.90%
Compensation increase	2.70%	2.50%	3.00%
Long-term rate of return	4.30%	3.30%	3.30%

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates (Details) - Other Postretirement Benefits	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Health care cost trend rate assumed for 2022	4.60%
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to	4.10%

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Weighted Average Discount Rates used to Calculate the Benefit Obligations (Details) - Other Postretirement Benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit obligations	5.80%	3.40%	2.80%
Service cost	7.80%	5.90%	4.10%
Interest cost	5.70%	3.60%	3.30%

Income Taxes - Components of Income Before Income Taxes and Equity Earnings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Extraordinary Items, Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 295	$ 143	$ 97
Foreign	761	(562)	628
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	$ 1,056	$ (419)	$ 725

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$ 18	$ 2	$ 0
State and foreign	190	239	161
Current tax, total	208	241	161
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal	46	46	38
State and foreign	(11)	(344)	0
Deferred tax, total	35	(298)	38
Total	$ 243	$ (57)	$ 199

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
U.S. statutory rate at 21%	$ 222	$ (88)	$ 152
Tax on foreign income	(25)	(29)	27
Valuation allowance changes	33	26	(11)
State taxes	(2)	9	5
U.S. taxes on foreign income, net of credits	1	13	14
Tax contingencies	7	8	1
Tax law changes	2	(8)	4
Other items, net	5	12	7
Total	$ 243	$ (57)	$ 199

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jul. 08, 2022
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Taxes paid	$ 223	$ 253	$ 189
Valuation allowance	173	227		$ 78
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	243	(57)	199
Undistributed earnings on non-U.S. subsidiaries	1,700
State taxes	(2)	9	5
Deferred tax assets, goodwill amortization	0	0
Interest and penalties expenses	1	1	1
Unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect ETR	46
Signode
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax loss carryforwards	33
European Tinplate
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes		42
European Tinplate \| Transit Packaging
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes		(18)
Brazil
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Increase in net income attributable to the Company resulting from incentives	21	21	$ 17
State
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforward				$ 78
Valuation allowance	84
Tax loss carryforwards	54
France
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes		$ 44
Tax loss carryforwards	68
Foreign \| Switzerland
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforward	21
Deferred tax assets, goodwill amortization	21
Foreign \| Transit Packaging \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income tax charges on sale of business	$ 11

Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Tax carryforwards	$ 271		$ 346
Intangible assets	0		0
Property, plant and equipment	15		21
Accruals and other	87		105
Accruals and other	105		96
Asbestos	53		56
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	25		31
Lease liabilities	32		29
Valuation allowances	(173)	$ (78)	(227)
Total	415		457
Liabilities
Tax carryforwards	0		0
Intangible assets	298		317
Property, plant and equipment	225		176
Pensions	20		13
Accruals and other	103		109
Asbestos	0		0
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	0		0
Right of use assets	30		28
Total	$ 676		$ 643

Income Taxes - Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expirations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 6
2024	6
2025	16
2026	17
2027	10
Thereafter	92
Unlimited	$ 124

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 48	$ 42	$ 39
Additions for prior year tax positions	7	9	1
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1)	(1)	0
Settlements	(6)	0	0
Foreign currency translation	(2)	(2)
Foreign currency translation			2
Balance at end of period	$ 46	$ 48	$ 42

Capital Stock - Summary of Common Stock Activity (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common shares outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	126,131,799	134,801,030	135,577,878
Shares repurchased (in shares)	(6,574,610)	(9,121,328)	(1,240,328)
Common shares outstanding at end of period (in shares)	119,945,302	126,131,799	134,801,030
Restricted stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Restricted stock issued to employees, net of forfeitures (in shares)	370,178	435,129	439,700
Share-based Payment Arrangement \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Restricted stock issued to employees, net of forfeitures (in shares)	17,935	16,968	23,780

Capital Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 23, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 09, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, dividends, per share, declared (in dollars per share)		$ 0.88
Common stock, dividends, per share, paid (in dollars per share)		$ 0.88
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 3,000
Common stock repurchased		$ 722	$ 950	$ 66
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		30,000,000	30,000,000
Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, dividends, per share, declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Crown Holdings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in AOCI [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 2,330	$ 2,604
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	(4)	(300)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	10	1,595
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	6	1,295
Balance at end of period	2,287	2,330
Foreign currency translation reclassified as a result of the sale		553
Defined benefit plans
Increase (Decrease) in AOCI [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(768)	(1,464)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	57	(419)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	25	1,115
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	82	696
Balance at end of period	(686)	(768)
Foreign currency translation
Increase (Decrease) in AOCI [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(1,158)	(1,759)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	(39)	48
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	0	553
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	(39)	601
Balance at end of period	(1,197)	(1,158)
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges
Increase (Decrease) in AOCI [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	28	30
Other comprehensive (loss) / income before reclassifications	(22)	71
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(15)	(73)
Other comprehensive income / (loss)	(37)	(2)
Balance at end of period	(9)	28
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Increase (Decrease) in AOCI [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(1,898)	(3,193)
Balance at end of period	$ (1,892)	$ (1,898)

Revenue - Recognized Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 12,943	$ 11,394	$ 9,392
Transferred over Time
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	6,937	6,097	5,032
Transferred at Point in Time
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 6,006	$ 5,297	$ 4,360

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Net contract assets	$ 18	$ 23

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	4.6	2.8
Time-vested restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years) for shares awarded	3 years
Performance-based shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years) for shares awarded	3 years
Award vesting period	3 years
Level of performance achieved based on shares awarded, minimum	0.00%
Level of performance achieved based on shares awarded, maximum	200.00%
Time-vested restricted stock and deferred stock \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Time-vested restricted stock and deferred stock \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	5 years
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 42
Weighted average recognition period, in years	2 years
Aggregate market value of the shares released and issued on the vesting dates	$ 70

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Transactions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-vested shares outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	1,284,206
Non-vested shares outstanding at end of period (in shares)	942,835
Time-vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Awarded (in shares)	190,442
Released (in shares)	(348,062)
Forfeitures (in shares)	(73,188)
Performance-based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Awarded (in shares)	207,212
Released (in shares)	(305,492)
Forfeitures (in shares)	(12,283)

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Grant Date Fair Value of Restricted Stock (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Time-vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average grant-date fair value of restricted stock awarded (in dollars per share)	$ 96.29	$ 100.08	$ 70.07
Performance-based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average grant-date fair value of restricted stock awarded (in dollars per share)	$ 111.84	$ 100.99	$ 72.08

Stock-Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - Performance-based shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.00%	0.20%	1.60%
Expected term (years)	3 years	3 years	3 years
Expected stock price volatility	34.80%	35.50%	22.00%

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Crown Holdings	$ 727	$ (507)	$ 424
Net income / (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Crown Holdings	0	(53)	155
Net income / (loss) attributable to Crown Holdings	$ 727	$ (560)	$ 579
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	120,860	130,380	133,530
Add: dilutive stock options and restricted stock (in shares)	520	0	1,030
Diluted (in shares)	121,380	130,380	134,560
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 6.01	$ (3.89)	$ 3.18
Basic earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0	(0.41)	1.16
Basic (in dollars per share)	6.01	(4.30)	4.34
Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from continuing operations (in dollars per share)	5.99	(3.89)	3.15
Diluted earnings / (loss) per common share from discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0	(0.41)	1.15
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 5.99	$ (4.30)	$ 4.30
Contingently issuable shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive (in shares)	700	1,000	700

Segment Information - Information About Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 12,943	$ 11,394	$ 9,392
Segment assets	14,301	13,858
Depreciation	301	282	260
Capital expenditures	839	787	554
Segment income	1,336	1,363	1,048
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	11,400	10,136	8,224
Depreciation	279	261	241
Capital expenditures	777	689	514
Segment income	1,339	1,515	1,296
Operating segments \| Americas Beverage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	5,126	4,441	3,565
Depreciation	128	108	93
Capital expenditures	380	508	333
Segment income	742	756	652
Operating segments \| European Beverage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	2,114	1,843	1,473
Depreciation	48	51	47
Capital expenditures	282	55	72
Segment income	144	259	215
Operating segments \| Asia Pacific
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,615	1,322	1,168
Depreciation	62	61	56
Capital expenditures	51	68	69
Segment income	172	182	175
Operating segments \| Transit Packaging
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	2,545	2,530	2,018
Depreciation	41	41	45
Capital expenditures	64	58	40
Segment income	281	318	254
Intersegment sales
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	235	272	154
Intersegment sales \| Reportable segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	132	158	54
Intersegment sales \| Americas Beverage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	7	0	2
Intersegment sales \| European Beverage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	89	133	39
Intersegment sales \| Asia Pacific
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0
Intersegment sales \| Transit Packaging
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	36	25	13
Intersegment sales \| Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	103	114	100
Other \| Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,543	1,258	1,168
Depreciation	18	17	15
Capital expenditures	61	58	30
Segment income	240	144	114
Corporate and unallocated items
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0
Depreciation	4	4	4
Capital expenditures	$ 1	$ 40	$ 10

Segment Information - Reconciliation of Segment Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment income	$ 1,336	$ 1,363	$ 1,048
Restructuring and other	52	28	(30)
Amortization of intangibles	(159)	(165)	(162)
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	(11)	(68)	0
Other pension and postretirement	16	(1,515)	(43)
Interest expense	(284)	(253)	(290)
Interest income	15	9	8
Foreign exchange	(16)	45	2
Income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net earnings of affiliates	1,056	(419)	725
Intercompany profit related to non-reportable segments	19	8	9
Operating segments
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment income	1,339	1,515	1,296
Other \| Other
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment income	240	144	114
Corporate and unallocated items
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Corporate and unallocated items	$ (136)	$ (159)	$ (170)

Segment Information - Concentration Risk (Details) - Revenue Benchmark - Customer Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.00%	12.00%	11.00%
Customer B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	11.00%	11.00%	10.00%

Segment Information - Summary of Sales by Major Product (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 12,943	$ 11,394	$ 9,392
Metal beverage cans and ends
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	8,096	6,982	5,716
Transit Packaging
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	2,545	2,530	2,018
Metal food cans and ends
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	1,099	789	733
Other products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	598	580	451
Other metal packaging
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 605	$ 513	$ 474

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment Information - Summary of Sales and Long-Lived Assets for The Major Countries (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 12,943	$ 11,394	$ 9,392
Long-Lived Assets	4,540	4,036
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	4,740	4,182	3,586
Long-Lived Assets	1,557	1,259
Mexico
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,080	896	681
Long-Lived Assets	464	437
Brazil
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,011	933	706
Long-Lived Assets	530	510
Canada
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	893	782	662
Long-Lived Assets	95	97
Vietnam
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	547	342	270
Long-Lived Assets	282	285
United Kingdom
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	521	412	234
Long-Lived Assets	262	96
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	4,151	3,847	$ 3,253
Long-Lived Assets	$ 1,350	$ 1,352

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves (Details) - Deferred tax assets - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 227	$ 204	$ 242
Charged to costs and expense	(49)	38	(11)
Charged to other accounts	(3)	(3)	1
Acquisitions	0	0	0
Deductions – write-offs	(2)	(12)	(28)
Balance at end of period	$ 173	$ 227	$ 204

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Investment funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Investment funds – emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share	Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 252	$ 218	$ 360
Level 3 \| Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	5	7	51
Level 3 \| Real estate – direct
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	247	211	307
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan fair value of plan assets excluding accrued income	1,266	1,705
Pension Plan \| Total assets in fair value hierarchy
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	1,063	1,394
Pension Plan \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	654	947
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	54	89
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| Global large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	11	8
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| U.S. large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	154	244
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	64	93
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| U.S. mid/small cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	265	357
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – U.S. equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	52	85
Pension Plan \| Level 1 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	54	71
Pension Plan \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	157	229
Pension Plan \| Level 2 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	1	38
Pension Plan \| Level 2 \| Government issued debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	18	17
Pension Plan \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	44	64
Pension Plan \| Level 2 \| Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	94	110
Pension Plan \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	252	218
Pension Plan \| Level 3 \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	203	171
Pension Plan \| Level 3 \| Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	5	7
Pension Plan \| Level 3 \| Real estate – direct
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	44	40
Pension Plan \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	203	311
Pension Plan \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	87	137
Pension Plan \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	3
Pension Plan \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	108	167
Pension Plan \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	5	7
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	886	1,177	1,152
Defined benefit plan fair value of plan assets excluding accrued income	885	1,176
Accrued income	1	1
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Total assets in fair value hierarchy
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	812	1,057
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	603	887
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	35	68
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Global large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| U.S. large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	152	238
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	64	93
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| U.S. mid/small cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	246	332
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – U.S. equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	52	85
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	54	71
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	42	61
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Government issued debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	42	61
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	167	109
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	135	79
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	4	5
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Real estate – direct
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	28	25
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	73	119
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	68	112
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	5	7
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	381	529	$ 3,518
Defined benefit plan fair value of plan assets excluding accrued income	381	529
Accrued income	0	0
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Total assets in fair value hierarchy
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	251	337
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	51	60
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	19	21
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Global large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	11	8
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| U.S. large cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	2	6
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| U.S. mid/small cap equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	19	25
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Mutual funds – U.S. equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 1 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	0	0
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	115	168
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	1	38
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Government issued debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	18	17
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	2	3
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 2 \| Insurance contracts
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	94	110
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	85	109
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	68	92
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Private equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	1	2
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Level 3 \| Real estate – direct
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	16	15
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	130	192
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	19	25
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	3
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – global equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	108	167
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S. Plans \| Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share \| Investment funds – emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan assets	$ 0	$ 0